新时期东海海空安全机制研究

A Study on the Mechanism for Maritime and Air Security in East China Sea in the New Era

中日双方为实现两国首脑将东海变为和平、友好、合作之海的愿望,经过长达10年的努力,终于在2018年5月签署了《中日防务部门之间的海空联络机制谅解备忘录》,实现了管控东海海空安全的阶段性目标。但起源于美苏之间的海上事故防止协定目的是为了弥补海洋法规则的缺陷、避免海上安全事故和不测事态,所以具有临时性的特点,并不是最终解决海上安全冲突的具体措施,同时要使其发挥作用必须通过后续会谈、充分协商、事先通报和遵守规范等方法和手段提升互信。在中日两国对东海海域划界的原则和方法尤其对钓鱼岛主权归属发生严重对立的情况下,各国为依法维护自己的权益,势必依然会在东海海空发生安全冲突和不测事态,所以在遵循已经达成的原则性共识和制度的基础上,进一步就东海争议问题包括钓鱼岛问题展开实质性磋商并达成新的共识,无疑是构筑建设性安全关系和发展契合新时代要求的中日关系的重要基础和基本保障。为此,抓住中日两国拟将启动的东海资源开发磋商时机十分关键,两国如能在钓鱼岛问题上有所进展,则能为确立契合新时代要求的中日关系的性质和定位发挥关键性作用。

In order to realize the two leaders'wishes of building the East China Sea into a peaceful,friendly and cooperative sea,China and Japan signed MOU of China and Japan Defense Departments on Maritime and Air Liaison Mechanism in May 2018 after ten years'efforts to achieve the phased goal of managing and controlling maritime and air security in the East China Sea.The INCSEA that originated between the USA and the Soviet Union was aimed at making up the deficiencies of rules in the law of the sea,avoiding security accidents and contingencies at sea,so it is temporary and is not a measure specific for the final resolution of security conflicts at sea.In order to make it play its role,mutual trust must be enhanced through and by means of subsequent dialogue,thorough negotiation,advance notice and compliance with rules.Under the situation that China and Japan are in serious confrontation in terms of the principles and methods concerning the maritime delimitation in East China Sea,especially the sovereignty over Diaoyu Islands,in order to protect their own rights and interests,two countries will inevitably have security conflicts and contingencies in the maritime and air space of the East China Sea,so it is an important basis and guarantee for establishing constructive security relations and developing Sino-Japanese relations in line with requirements of the new era to further carry out substantial negotiation and reach new agreements on disputes over East China Sea including issues over Diaoyu Islands on basis of compliance with concluded principled agreements and systems.Therefore,it is essential to seize the opportunity of negotiation on resources development in East China Sea to be launched by China and Japan.If the two countries make some progress concerning issues over Diaoyu Islands,they will play an essential role in determining the nature and position of Sino-Japanese relations in line with the requirements of the new era.