多种原料基质配方的多元分析方法应用研究

Application of Multivariate Analysis Method on Substrate Formulation Containing Various Components

【目的】研究明确了影响作物栽培的主要理化性质,模拟出基于多种有机原料的无土栽培基质配方。【方法】文章选取8种原料,根据混料均匀设计方法配置了25种不同配比的无土栽培基质进行番茄栽培试验,利用多元分析方法研究不同原料比例组成的基质配方的理化性状、水分特征、栽培效果并优化了配方比例。【结果】主成分分析(PCA)结果表明,基质的多个理化指标可归类为养分、有机质和孔隙度3个主成分,其中孔隙度与基质的水分特征、番茄植株生长及产量有显著相关性。基质的全氮、全磷、全钾、有机质及腐殖酸含量对番茄的增产效果不明显。水凝胶可显著提高保水能力,利于植株生长发育,提高产量,添加量由0.078%增至0.913%(质量比)后,番茄增产22.72%。通过模型回归拟合,优选出基于产量、产投比的最优配方,分别为甘蔗渣28.39%+中药渣4.10%+菌包4.55%+褐煤10.94%+草炭20.84%+珍珠岩19.56%+蛭石10.74%+水凝胶0.88%和甘蔗渣10.25%+中药渣15.79%+菌包20.75%+褐煤24.34%+草炭8.78%+珍珠岩8.47%+蛭石10.74%+水凝胶0.88%,产量和产投比分别可达2692 g/株和3.70。【结论】针对多种原料的配方基质研究,可采用混料均匀设计及多元分析方法,根据组合配方比例及其对应产量模拟二者的相关函数并计算最佳配方,是无土栽培基质配方优化的有效工具。

【Objective】The main purpose of this paper is to identify the main physicochemical properties affecting crop cultivation by multivariate analysis,and try to simulate an optimized formula of growth media based on various raw materials by uniform mixture design method.【Method】In this study,tomato cultivation experiment was carried out on the 25 different growth formulas which contain 8 individual substrate components with 5 organic substrates and 3 inorganic substrates including hydrogel.Values for total porosity,bulk density,pH,total N,P,K,EC,organic matter and humid acid were determined on 25 substrate blends.The moisture characteristic and agronomical traits were measured during the growth.These data were processed by multivariate analysis to explore the relationship between physicochemical properties,water characteristics and cultivation effects of different growth media and to optimize the formulation.【Result】The results showed that the physicochemical properties of the substrates could be grouped into 3 main factors including nutrients,organic matter and bulk density.Moisture retention and porosity of growth media had a significantly positive correlation with the plant growth and yield.However,the effect of the total nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,organic matter and humic acid content of the substrate on the yield of tomato had not been observed.Hydrogel could significantly improve the moisture retention ability,which was conducive to plant growth and development,and increase yield.The tomato yield increased by 22.72% when the hydrogel content increased from 0.05% to 0.95%(weight ratio).By regression fitting of the model,the matrix formulas of yield and output ratio were optimized,the optimal substrate blends for maximum tomato yield and VCR were bagasse 28.39% + herb residue 4.10%+ fungi residues 4.55% + lignite 10.94%+ peatmoss 20.84%+perlite 19.56% + vermiculite 10.74% + hydrogel 0.88% and bagasse 10.25% + herb residue 15.79% + fungi residues 20.75%+lignite 24.34% + peatmoss 8.78% + perlite 8.47% + vermiculite 10.74% + hydrogel 0.08%,and the yield and VCR could reach 2692 g/plant and 3.70,respectively.【Conclusion】Uniform mixture design and multivariate analysis method are effective tools to develop matrix formulation optimization for soilless culture,which help to elucidate the mechanism of different raw materials and their physicochemical properties on cultivated crops.