发展中国家学生ICT水平对个体科学素养的影响研究——基于PISA数据

The Influence of Students’ ICT Level on Individual Scientific Literacy in Developing Countries——Based on PISA Data

教育大数据的发展离不开信息与通信技术(ICT)的广泛应用。基于PISA 2015学生ICT问卷和科学素养得分,通过对基础教育阶段学生个体科学素养表现的综合测评,可以详细探究包含中国在内的10个发展中国家的学生ICT水平与其科学素养得分之间的潜在关系。研究发现,以上发展中国家的学生如果在6岁及以前第一次接触电脑从一定程度上将对学生的科学素养产生积极影响;学生在学校或校外使用网络的时间如果超过4个小时或继续增加,科学素养则会出现显著下降趋势;允许学生在可控的时间范围内(如1~2小时)高效合理地使用网络,能在一定程度上提高学生的科学素养。对于中国学生,家校首先应鼓励并倡导其在"6岁及以前"接触诸如电脑等ICT设备,从而促进学生科学素养的形塑与提升;其次,工作日期间,无论是校内还是校外,家校都应严格监督并限制学生ICT电子产品以及网络的使用;再者,周末期间,家校应倡导学生在可控的时间范围内高效合理使用网络,"一刀切"或者肆无忌惮的放纵都将产生难以估量的恶性影响。

The development of educational big data is inseparable fromthe wide application of information and communication technology(ICT).Based on PISA 2015,this study explores the potential relationship between students’ICT levels and their scientific literacy scores in 10 developing countries including China in detail through the comprehensive evaluation of students’individual scientific literacy performance in the basic education stage.This study shows that students in the developing countries mentioned above who are first exposed to computers at age 6 and before have a positive impact on their scientific literacy.However,when the time spent on the internet inside or outside the school exceeds 4 hours or continues to increase,there is a significant decline in students’scientific literacy.Allowing students to use the internet efficiently and reasonably within a controlled time frame(for example 1~2 hours)can improve students’scientific literacy to a certain extent.For Chinese students,parents and schools should first encourage and advocate students’access to computers and other ICT equipment at the age of 6 or younger,so as to promote the formation and improvement of students’scientific literacy.Second,during workdays,both on and off campus,parents and schools should strictly supervise and restrict the use of ICT electronic products and networks by students.Furthermore,during the weekend,parents and schools should encourage students to use the network efficiently and reasonably within a controlled time frame.A total ban or unscrupulous indulgence will have inestimably harmful effects.