苜蓿草和酶制剂对母猪行为学和繁殖性能的影响研究

Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Alfalfa Straw and Enzyme Preparation on Ethology and Reproductive Performance of Sows

旨在研究饲喂苜蓿草和酶制剂对母猪行为学和繁殖性能的影响,探索减少母猪异常行为发生以及提高母猪繁殖性能的饲喂技术。选取配种时间、胎次、体况相近的经产二元母猪45头,随机分为试验Ⅰ组(n=15)、试验Ⅱ组(n=15)和对照组(n=15)。试验Ⅰ组母猪于投喂精饲料后立即饲喂苜蓿草浆,饲喂量为2 kg/(头·d);试验Ⅱ组母猪的基础日粮中添加0.5 kg/(头·d)的苜蓿草粉;2个试验组母猪的基础日粮中均添加1 kg/t的酶制剂(优利酶);对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮。正式试验周期为4个月。试验期间观察并记录各组母猪的刻板行为和便秘发生情况,并测定其繁殖性能指标。结果表明,在整个试验期内的各个观测月份,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组母猪的刻板行为和便秘发生次数均显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,并且试验Ⅰ组母猪的刻板行为和便秘发生次数均低于试验Ⅱ组,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的窝均产活仔数、仔猪出生窝重均显著(P<0.05)高于对照组,发情间隔与对照组相比均显著(P<0.05)缩短;试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组母猪的各项繁殖性能指标组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。综上提示,母猪日粮中添加2 kg/(头·d)的苜蓿草浆或0.5 kg/(头·d)苜蓿草粉,同时添加1 kg/t的酶制剂,能够显著减低母猪刻板行为和便秘的发生次数,并显著提高母猪的繁殖性能。

This study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation of alfalfa straw and enzyme preparation on ethology and reproductive performance of sows,and to explore the feeding technique that can reduce the incidence of abnormal behavior and improve reproductive performance of sows.A total of 45 multiparous binary hybrid sows with similar mating time,parities and physical condition were randomly assigned into the following 3 groups:the experimental groupⅠ(n=15)was fed with a supplementary diet of alfalfa straw pulping of 2 kg per head per day after the concentrate feeding;the experimental groupⅡ(n=15)received the supplementation of alfalfa straw powder of 0.5 kg per head per day in basal diet;both of the experimental groups received an addition of a commercially available enzyme preparation(′Youlimei′)of 1 kg/t in their basal diet;the control group(n=15)was fed with a basal diet without addition of alfalfa straw and enzyme preparation.The experimental period lasted for 4 months.During the whole experiment,the incidence of stereotypic behavior and constipation of the sows in different groups was observed and recorded,and the indicators associated with reproductive performance were determined.The results showed that in the every single observed months of the whole experimental period,the incidence of stereotypic behavior and constipation of the sows in experimental groupⅠandⅡwas significantly(P<0.05)decreased compared to that in control group;while the experimental groupⅠhad lower incidence of stereotypic behavior and constipation compared to the experimental groupⅡ,no significant difference was observed(P>0.05);significantly(P<0.05)elevated average live litter size and within-litter birth weight of piglets as well as significantly(P<0.05)shortened inter oestrual period of sows were observed in experimental groupⅠandⅡcompared to the control group,respectively;there were no significant differences in reproductive performance indicators between experimental groupⅠandⅡ(P>0.05).The combined data suggest that dietary supplementation of alfalfa straw pulping(2 kg per head per day)or straw powder(0.5 kg per head per day)simultaneously with enzyme preparation(1 kg/t)can significantly decrease the incidence of stereotypic behavior and constipation of the sows,and can significantly improve their reproductive performance.