济水源头之谜探析(二)

Analysis of the Mystery of the Source of Jishui River(Ⅱ)

济水源头问题错综复杂,大体有王屋山说、东西二源说以及黄河说。这些说法似乎都有依据,然而细究起来,却并没有科学地描述出济水史前的模样。《山海经》中提出"济水出共山南东丘"的说法,值得玩味。这绝不是远古的神话传说或作者的主观想象,而是史前济水的客观真实记载。考察当地的地质特点,可以认为共山就是济源盆地北缘的太行山,而东丘则是济源盆地内北东走向拦蓄水流的高丘。综合分析济源一带的地质地貌,古济水可能发源于"共山南东丘"的"济源古湖盆"。

This paper puts forward a new solution to the problem of Jishui River source from the aspects of documentation,geological archaeology and historical evolution. The results show that the statement "the Jishui River is from the south of the East Hill of Gongshan" in " The Book of Mountains and Seas" is the objective real records of prehistoric Jishui River. Gongshan refers to the Taihang Mountain in the north margin of Jiyuan basin,while the East Hill refers to the high hill in the north-easterly direction of Jiyuan basin to retain the water. The prehistoric ancient Jishui River originated from the Jiyuan ancient lake basin in the south of the East Hill of Gongshan with a large amount of clear water and little sand,which is separated from the Yellow River in the southern margin of the basin while forming an independent source water system. At the same time,this paper analyzes the relationship among Jishui River source,Qin River,Yanshui River and Lianshui River and the evolution process of Jishui River source from Jiyuan ancient lake basin in the south of the East Hill of Gongshan to the East and West sources of the northwest of Jiyuan city.