功能核酸DNA水凝胶的理化特性及应用进展

Progress on Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Functional Nucleic Acid DNA Hydrogels

自DNA被开发为纳米级的自组装材料以来,凭借其可调节的多功能性、便利的可编程性、精确的分子识别能力、高通用性以及优越的生物相容性和生物降解性连接了生命科学和材料科学两大领域。受益于DNA纳米材料的结构特性,以功能核酸作为构建单元,经交联、自组装形成的功能核酸DNA水凝胶已成为新型材料领域的研究热点。基于此,对功能核酸DNA水凝胶所具有的主要理化特性进行了总结,并进一步综述了近年来功能核酸DNA水凝胶在药物递送与靶向治疗、生物传感、三维组织构建等生物医学、分子检测及环境工程等领域中的应用进展。最后,从生命科学和材料科学的角度总结了在设计与搭建功能核酸DNA水凝胶时应考虑的关键点和方向,以期助力DNA水凝胶在多学科领域的研究与应用。

Since DNA was developed as a nanoscale self-assembly material,it has connected the two major fields of life science and material science with its adjustable multifunctionality,convenient programmability,accurate molecular recognition capability,high versatility,superior biocompatibility and biodegradability.Benefiting from the structural properties of DNA nanomaterials,functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels formed by cross-linking and self-assembly using functional nucleic acids as building blocks have become a research hotspot in the field of new materials.Based on this situation,the main physicochemical properties of functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels were summarized.In the meanwhile,the application progress of functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels in the fields of biomedicine,molecular detection and environmental engineering such as drug delivery and targeted therapy,biosensing,construction of three-dimensional tissues,etc.in recent years was further reviewed.Finally,the key points and directions that should be considered while designing and constructing functional nucleic acid DNA hydrogels were summarized from the perspectives of life science and material science,in order to assist the research and application of DNA hydrogels in multidisciplinary fields.