DNA特殊二级结构及其应用进展

Special Secondary Structures of DNA and Their Application Progress

核酸在生命遗传过程中发挥着重要作用,其特殊的DNA二级结构不仅包含遗传信息,还可在体内发挥特定的生理功能、在体外被用作生物传感器的组成元件。目前,DNA特殊二级结构主要包括发卡(hairpin)、十字形(cruciform)、双螺旋(double helix)、三螺旋(triplex)、G-四联体(G-quadruplex)、G-三联体(G-triplex)和i-motif等。DNA特殊二级结构无论是在体外还是在体内均已被广泛研究,因此,基于已有的研究成果,概括总结了DNA特殊二级结构中G-quadruplex、G-triplex、i-motif的发展史、结构组成、特殊功能以及在生物传感、纳米材料、体内检测等方面的应用,最后剖析了目前在DNA特殊二级结构的研究中存在的问题与不足,并对其今后的研究方向做出了展望,以期为DNA特殊二级结构在生物传感、分子医学等领域的应用提供理论支持。

Nucleic acid plays an important role in the genetic process of life.Its special secondary structures of DNA not only contain genetic information,but also play a specific physiological function in vivo and be used as a component of biosensors in vitro.At present,the special secondary structures of DNA mainly include hairpin,cruciform,double helix,triplex,G-quadruplex,G-triplex and i-motif.The special secondary structures of DNA have been extensively studied both in vitro and in vivo.Therefore,based on the existing research results,the development history,structural composition,special functions and applications in biosensing,nanometer materials,in vivo detection and other fields of G-quadruplex,G-triplex and i-motif which belong to the special secondary structures of DNA were summarized.Finally,the existing problems and deficiencies in the research of DNA special secondary structures were analyzed,and their future research direction was prospected,so as to provide theoretical support for the application of DNA special secondary structure in biosensing,molecular medicine and other fields.