朱熹行政哲学思想的三重视域

A Research on Zhu Xi’s Thoughts on Administrative Philosophy in Three Perspectives

朱熹行政哲学思想具有深刻的本体论、价值论和认识论意蕴。在本体论层面上,其以“理”为核心,确立了行政人格的性善基调;同时,其对理气关系的论述,为行政关系的固化和等级秩序的合法化提供了内在基础。在行政价值论层面上,朱熹以公为核心,阐发了理与公、公与私、公与仁之间的关系,确立了公的本体论依据、并划定了公与私的边界、明确了公与仁的实现路径。在行政认识论层面上,朱熹遵循“理一分殊”的逻辑,肯定了理在分布上的均等性与主体对于理之体认、践履的个殊性之间的二元分化,并指出了通过“即物穷理”而去除遮蔽,彰显人性中之天理、达致行政主体之人性彰明的路径。朱熹的行政哲学对于当代行政生活具有重要的启示意义。

Zhu Xi’s administrative philosophy has profound implications of ontology,axiology and epistemology.On ontological aspect,it takes“reason”(Li)as the core and establishes the basic tone of the administrative personality.At the same time,its discussion on the relationship between“reason”and“spirit”provides the internal basis for the solidification of administrative relations and the legalization of hierarchical order.On the aspect of administrative axiology,Zhu Xi took“public”as the core,expounded the relationship between“reason”and“public”,“public”and“private”,and“public”and“benevolence”,established the ontological basis of public,defined the boundary between public and private,and defined the realization path of public and benevolence.In administrative epistemology aspect,Zhu Xi follows the logic of“unity in diversity”(Li Yi Fen Shu),confirmed the equal distribution and differentiation of awareness and practice of“reason”and points out the path of through“explore reason from thing”to remove the cover,reveal the“reason”of human nature,and to reach the nature of administrative subject.Zhu Xi’s administrative philosophy has important enlightening significance to contemporary administrative life.