膜翅目昆虫的性别决定机制

Mechanisms of sex determination in hymenopteran insects

昆虫性别决定机制存在多样性和复杂性,其中膜翅目昆虫的性别决定由单双倍体决定,单倍体为雄性,二倍体为雌性。本文就膜翅目昆虫的性别决定模式和分子机制进行综述。膜翅目昆虫性别决定有6种模式,即互补性性别决定(complementary sex determination,CSD)、多位点互补性性别决定(multiple-locus CSD,ml-CSD)、基因组印记、母体效应、内共生体诱导产雌单性生殖、父本遗传基因组消除(paternal genome elimination,PGE)。其中,CSD机制是目前在膜翅目昆虫中普遍接受的性别决定模式。而蜜蜂的CSD性别决定机制是膜翅目昆虫性别决定模式中的典型代表,受csd→fem→dsx这一调控级联的控制。

The sex determination mechanisms of insects are diverse and complex.In hymenopteran insects,males are haploid and females diploid.In this article,we reviewed the modes and molecular mechanisms of sex determination in hymenopteran insects.Six patterns for sex determination of hymenopteran insects have been reported,including the complementary sex determination(CSD),multiple-locus hypothesis(multiple-locus CSD,ml-CSD),genomic imprinting,maternal effects,endosymbionts inducing female parthenogenesis,and paternal genome elimination(PGE).Among them,CSD is a widely accepted model of sex determination in hymenopteran insects represented by honeybees.Sex determination of honeybees is controlled by the cascade of csd→fem→dsx.