中国新能源汽车产业创新系统的发展与失灵研究

Research on Evolution and Failure of Innovation System of China’s New Energy Automobile Industry

[目的/意义]新能源汽车是中国重要的战略性新兴产业,在引领产业转型升级,推动绿色发展方面具有重要现实意义,目前的研究缺少系统性的理论分析框架,未能较为全面地观察新能源汽车产业的创新系统如何演化,也未能深入探讨该产业在发展过程中所面临的系统性障碍。[方法/过程]运用产业创新系统(SSI)的理论框架,综合使用专利检索与分析、文献搜集与专家访谈相结合的研究方法,从知识与技术、行动者及其网络、基础设施和制度等四个维度考察了中国新能源汽车产业创新系统的发展以及遭遇的障碍即系统失灵。[结果/结论]研究发现,尽管中国新能源汽车产业在上述四个维度均获得了较大发展,但同时存在不同程度的系统失灵现象。其中,基础设施和制度失灵最为严重,其次是知识与技术失灵,再次是行动者及其网络失灵。此外,还存在行动者之间因共同研发和技术交流不足或技术方向不一致而导致的连结失灵,文章最后给出了政策建议与措施。

[Purpose/Significance]Electric vehicle is an important strategic new emerging industry in China,which has important practical significance in leading the transformation and upgrading of the industry and promoting green development.The current research lacks a systematic theoretical analysis framework,fails to observe how the innovation system of electric vehicle industry evolves in a more comprehensive way,and fails to deeply discuss the systematic obstacles faced by the industry in the development process.[Method/Process]Using the theoretical framework of Industrial Innovation System(SSI),this paper comprehensively uses the research methods of patent retrieval and analysis,document collection and expert interviews to examine the development of China's electric vehicle industrial innovation system and the obstacles encountered,namely system failure,from four dimensions of knowledge and technology,actors and their networks,infrastructure and institution.[Result/Conclusion]The study found that although China's electric vehicle industry has made great progress in the four dimensions above,there are also different degrees of system failure.Among them,the failure of infrastructure and system is the most serious,followed by the failure of knowledge and technology,and the failure of actors and their networks.In addition,there are also link failures caused by insufficient joint R&D and technical exchanges or inconsistent technical directions among actors.Finally,the article gives policy suggestions and measures.