广州市某示范中学高一新生对脊柱侧弯的认知现状调查

Investigation on the awareness of scoliosis among freshmen in a model high school in Guangzhou

目的旨在调查广州市某示范中学高一新生脊柱侧弯的患病率及认知情况,为预防诊断及开展有效的健康教育提供依据,提高社会、家庭及学生对健康状况的重视,提高中学生的生活质量。方法采用整群便利抽样,抽取广州市某示范中学高一新生进行无记名问卷调查。结果发放问卷450份,回收问卷450份,有效问卷446份。被调查者中来自88所广州市各区中学,446例被调查者中有350例(78.5%)听过脊柱侧弯,62所学校有脊柱侧弯体检项目,332例(74.4%)被调查者做过脊柱侧弯体检,其中阳性36例(8.1%),阴性220例(49.3%),不知道是否有脊柱侧弯的190例(42.6%)。阳性病例中14例知道Cobb角度数,Cobb角平均为(15.29±6.84)度。被调查者中13.7%很重视脊柱健康,对日常生活中能预防脊柱侧弯的认知不理想,对于可以预防脊柱侧弯发生及加重病程发展的认知条目高达74.9%的被调查者表示不知道,87%的被调查者不知道学生课桌有分类及适合自己的型号,只有28%(125例)及17%(76例)被调查者知道理想桌子与地面的高度及桌面与椅面的高度,186例(41.7%)自觉桌椅要高一些才适合自己,17例(3.8%)觉得要矮一些才觉得舒服。相关分析结果显示:脊柱侧弯与平时对脊柱重视程度呈负相关,与是否有专用作业书桌呈正相关,而驼背则与坐姿呈负相关。结论中学生脊柱侧弯发病率较高,但社会、学校、家庭及学生本身对脊柱侧弯关注度不高,学生的认知较低,重视程度不足,主动预防的意识有待提高,应引起社会重视。

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and cognition of scoliosis among freshmen ina senior high school so as toprovide a basis for preventive diagnosis and effective health education and improve social awareness to their health conditions.Methods Freshmen from a model high school in the city of Guangzhou were sampled usingconvenience sampling method.Results 450 questionnaires were distributed and collected and 446 of them were found to be valid.They were from 88 junior high schools across Guangzhou.350 of the respondents(78.5%)had heard of scoliosis;62 of the 88schools had scoliosis check-up programs;332(74.4%)of the respondents had scoliosis physical examination,including positive diagnosis of scoliosis in 36 respondents(8.1%)and negative diagnosis in 220 respondents(49.3%).190(42.6%)of the respondents did not know whether they had scoliosis.Among the 36 respondentsdiagnosed of scoliosis,there were 12 boys(33.3%)and 24 girls(66.7%).Only 14 of the confirmed cases knew the number of Cobb angles,with an average Cobb Angle of degreesof(15.29±6.84).There were 124 cases of hump(27.8%)and 6.3 cases of high and low shoulder(6.3%).Correlation analysis showed that scoliosis was negatively correlated with the degree of attention givento the spine,and positively correlated with the presence of a dedicated work desk,whilehunchback was negatively correlated with sitting posture.Only 28%(125 cases)and 17%(76 cases)of the respondents knew the ideal height of the table and floor and the height of the table and chair surface,186 cases(41.7%)realized that the table and chair should be higher for them,and 17 cases(3.8%)felt comfortable if they were shorter.Conclusions The incidence of scoliosis in highschool students is high,but the society,school,family and students themselves do not attach great importance to scoliosis,and measures should be taken to improve itssocial awareness.