熟化垫料等氮量替代化肥对小麦产量、土壤养分及当季氮肥利用率的影响

Effects of replacement of fertilizer with spent litters in pig-litter system on grain yield, soil nutrient and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat in first season under the same nitrogen input

为高效合理地进行熟化垫料的大田利用,在相同施氮量(225 kg/hm2)条件下,以猪发酵床熟化垫料不同比例替代化肥(不施肥对照、施化肥、熟化垫料1/2氮量替代、熟化垫料3/4氮量替代和熟化垫料全氮量替代),研究其对小麦当季产量、当季土壤养分以及氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:在相同施氮量熟化垫料不同替代量下,小麦当季籽粒产量、穗数、穗粒数、株高及穗长差异显著(P<0.05),产量依次为氮素化肥处理(7365.3 kg/hm 2)>熟化垫料1/2氮量替代处理(7225.1 kg/hm2)>熟化垫料3/4氮量替代处理(6293.3 kg/hm2)>熟化垫料全氮量替代处理(5160 kg/hm2)>不施肥对照(3676.8 kg/hm2);土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量随熟化垫料施用量增加而增加;小麦氮肥表观利用率随熟化垫料替代比例增加而呈现先增加后降低的趋势,氮肥偏生产力与氮肥农学效率则呈现降低趋势。综合考虑小麦产量、土壤养分状况以及氮肥利用率,熟化垫料1/2氮量替代可以达到单施化肥的效果。

In order to utilize the spent litter in pig-litter system efficiently and reasonably,field experiment was studied to investigate the effects of replacement of fertilizers with used litter on wheat grain yield,soil nutrient and nitrogen(N)use efficiency during winter wheat season in the corn-wheat cropping system under the same nitrogen input(225 kg/hm 2).There were five treatments in this experiment,including no N fertilizer use(CK),inorganic fertilizer treatment,1/2 litter fertilizer replacement,3/4 litter fertilizer replacement and all litter fertilizer replacement.The results clearly demonstrated that there were significant differences in grain yield,panicle number,grain number per ear,plant height and ear length of winter wheat among five treatments.The wheat grain yield showed the order of inorganic fertilizer treatment(7365.3 kg/hm 2)>1/2 litter replacement(7225.1 kg/hm 2)>3/4 litter replacement(6293.3 kg/hm 2)>all litter replacement(5160 kg/hm 2)>CK(3676.8 kg/hm 2).The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased with the increase of the application amount of used litter at the same 225 kg/hm 2 nitrogen level.The nitrogen apparent use efficiency of wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of litter replacement,while the nitrogen partial factor productivity and nitrogen agronomic use efficiency of wheat showed a decreasing trend.In conclusion,1/2 litter fertilizer use can achieve the effect of inorganic fertilizer use at the same 225 kg/hm 2 nitrogen level,considering wheat grain yield,soil nutrient status and nitrogen use efficiency.