基于SRAP标记和主要表型性状的苦瓜优株选择与遗传分析

Genetic analysis and superior plant selection of bitter gourd based on SRAP markers and main phenotypic traits

为了培育出高产、优质的苦瓜新品种,选择48份苦瓜自交系,测定其10个数量性状和2个质量性状,采用主成分分析法进行优株选择,同时结合SRAP分子标记技术进行遗传分析。结果表明,10个数量性状的累积方差贡献率达68.897%,提取了反映苦瓜10个数量性状的4个主成分;通过计算10个数量性状的综合评价值,在48份苦瓜供试材料中,选出3个综合性状优良的材料,其结果与实际田间表现相近;结合苦瓜的2个质量性状,发现条型瓜瘤与苦瓜果实产量呈正相关,瓜横径与苦瓜种子产量呈正相关;结合SRAP分子聚类与主要表型性状特征,发现控制瓜瘤类型的基因并非简单的调控,条型瓜瘤控制基因与绿色瓜皮色控制基因、粒型瓜瘤控制基因与白色瓜皮色控制基因存在某种程度的连锁。这为苦瓜亲本选配和良种选育提供了理论依据。

In order to breed new bitter gourd varieties with high yield and high quality,48 inbred lines of bitter gourd were selected to determine 10 quantitative characters and two qualitative traits.The principal component analysis was used to select the superior plants,and the SRAP molecular marker technology was used to analyze the genetic characteristics.The results showed that the cumulative variance contribution rate of the 10 quantitative characters reached 68.897%,four principal components reflecting 10 quantitative traits of bitter gourd were extracted.By calculating the comprehensive evaluation value of the 10 quantitative characters,three materials with excellent comprehensive characters were selected in the 48 bitter gourd test materials,and the results were similar to the field performance.Combined with the two qualitative traits of bitter gourd,it was found that there was a positive correlation between the fruit yield of bitter gourd and the bar-shaped bitter gourd lump,and there was also a positive correlation between the horizon diameter of bitter gourd and seed yield of bitter gourd.Combining SRAP molecular clustering with main phenotypic traits,it was found that the gene controlling the tumor type of bitter gourd was not simply regulated,and there was a certain degree of linkage between the control gene of the stripe bitter gourd tumor and the control gene of the green bitter gourd skin color,the control gene of the grain bitter gourd tumor and the control gene of the white bitter gourd skin color.This provides a theoretical basis for parent selection and seed selection of bitter gourd.