感知的环境不确定性对企业商业模式创新的影响研究:高管连带的调节作用

The impact of perceived environmental uncertainty on the business model innovation: Moderating effect of managerial ties

当企业面临较高环境不确定性时,是选择“趁乱”抓住机会进行商业模式创新获取持续竞争优势,还是“墨守成规”谨慎地维持已有的商业模式以尽可能规避不确定性带来的风险?本文从高管团队认知视角以及交易成本理论出发,探究环境不确定性对企业商业模式创新的影响机制,挖掘企业进行商业模式创新的前因,并根据企业高管连带的不同情景,考察上述机制的异质性,意图从更全面的视角了解当环境不确定时企业进行商业模式创新的规律。本研究以159家浙江省企业为样本进行分析,研究结果显示高管感知到环境不确定性负向作用于企业商业模式创新,而高管连带的增强会减弱两者之间的负向关系。

Against the background of the gradual slowdown of China's rapid economic development,more and more enterprises have obtained competitive advantages through business model innovation and thus improved firm performance.At the same time,with the advent of Internet technology and the technological revolution brought about by the development of emerging technologies such as big data,cloud computing and artificial intelligence,the external environment of enterprises shows very strong uncertainty,and the competitive environment of enterprises has become increasingly fierce.In the context of this double superposition background,should the company keep the existing business model unchanged to strive for stability,or seize the opportunity to carry out business model innovation to achieve"Corner overtaking"?There is no consensus between the academia and the practice.Therefore,it is particularly important to explore the factors that drive business model innovation and analyze their mutual relationship and influencing factors.Based on the realistic and theoretical background,this paper proposes that the uncertainty of the external environment perceived by corporate TMT(Top Management Team)has an important impact on the business model innovation of enterprises.Among them,the perceived environmental uncertainty is divided into technology uncertainty and market uncertainty,and their impact on business model innovation is explored separately.Meanwhile,this paper also uses TMT’s attributes as moderating variables to examine the influence of executives'political ties and commercial ties on the relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and business model innovation.This paper issues questionnaires to the members of EMBA program and the ITP project of Chu Kochen College of Zhejiang University.The main target of the survey is the executives in Zhejiang province.A total of 238 questionnaires were distributed and 159 valid questionnaires were returned.The research hypothesis proposed in this study is tested by regression analysis.The results show that:(1)Perceived technology uncertainty has a negative effect on the novelty of business model design;(2)Perceived market uncertainty has a negative effect on the novelty of business model design;(3)Managers'business ties have a positive moderation effect on the relationship between perceived technology uncertainty and novelty of business model design;(4)Managers'business ties have a positive moderation effect on the relationship between perceived market uncertainty and novelty of business model design;(5)Managers'political ties don’t have moderating effect on the relationship between perceived technical uncertainty and novelty of business model design;(6)Managers'political ties have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between perceived market uncertainty and novelty of business model design.In general,the higher the environmental uncertainty perceived by TMT,the lower the novelty business model design,and the increased support of executives will reduce the negative impact between the two.These findings open up the“black box”of business model innovation decision-making processes and explore the driving forces behind business model innovation itself.Introducing market uncertainty and technology uncertainty perceived by TMT into the business model innovation field provides a new perspective for the combination of managerial cognition and transaction cost theory,filling the gaps in the past.Finally,by introducing the commercial ties and political ties of executives,the business operation is placed in the context of a larger social and economic network,integrating traditional network research,and exploring the contingent factors between perceived environmental uncertainty and business model innovation.This paper also provides a good practical enlightenment on business model innovation to enterprises in emerging economies.In the context of current technological changes,companies should appropriately delay business model innovation in the face of environmental uncertainty.At the same time,we should recognize the importance of business ties and political ties,through which could contribute a better understanding on technology,users,markets and policies in an all-round way,we can reduce transaction costs and reduce the risk of uncertainty,so as to facilitate business model Innovation and obtain sustainable competitive advantages.