高层建筑防火技术措施研究

Study on fire protection technical measures of high-rise buildings

分析高层建筑火灾形势,从主动防火、被动防火、灭火救援设计方面对高层民用建筑防火设计技术措施进行分析,比较中国与美国、英国和日本的设计要求及优势。结果表明,高度超过50 m建筑的排烟系统应竖向分段设置,可按避难层或设备层的竖向布局进行划分;每个区域的自动喷水灭火系统至少设置2个喷淋竖管,并保持较远间距;对于人员疏散模式,整体疏散和分阶段部分疏散是否适用,与建筑使用功能、消防目标和所在国家等有关;消防救援窗的设计除需考虑设置位置、窗口尺寸外,还需考虑从消防救援窗口进入室内的条件。

Fire situation in high-rise buildings was analyzed, and the technical measures of fire protection design for high-rise civil buildings were analyzed from the aspects of active fire protection,passive fire protection and firefighting and rescue design. The key points of design and advantages of such buildings in China, the United States, Britain and Japan were analyzed. The study showed that the smoke exhaust system of buildings over 50 meters in height should be designed in vertical sections, which can be divided according to the vertical layout of refuge floors or equipment floors. The reliability of water supply can be improved by setting up at least two vertical pipes of sprinkler system and keep a long distance between these two pipes in each area. For the evacuation mode of high-rise buildings, the applicability of the whole evacuation and phased partial evacuation is closely related to the building function of high-rise buildings, fire safety objectives and the country in which they are located. It is necessary to consider not only the location and size of fire rescue windows, but also the conditions for firefighters entering the rooms.