脂滴的生物物理学和细胞生物学研究

Biophysics and cell biology of lipid droplets

最早对脂滴的研究可以追溯到19世纪,Richard Altmann和E.B.Wilson都描述了细胞中的脂肪滴,并推测了它们的起源(Altmann,1890;威尔逊,1896)。早期,脂滴的高衍射特性为其鉴定提供了便利的光学条件。20世纪初,由于它们被认为是大多数细胞的组成部分,这种细胞器被称为脂质体。然而,在20世纪60年代末,人造脂质体被发明出来,并很快取代了这个名字。从那时起,这种细胞器被有过许多名称,包括脂滴、脂体、脂体、脂滴和脂质体。在植物中,它们通常被称为油体。随着这一领域的迅速发展,它似乎已经定名为“脂滴”。几十年来,除了形态学研究,脂滴的其他方面几乎没有受到关注。1991年,脂肪细胞中与脂滴相关的磷酸蛋白perilipin的发现,引起人们对这种细胞器的新关注。从那时起,关于脂滴的论文数量急剧增加,关于脂滴的功能也逐渐被重视起来。

The earliest study of fat droplets can be traced back to the 19th century,when Richard Altmann and E.B.Wilson both described fat droplets in cells and speculated on their origin(Altmann,1890;Wilson,1896).In the early stage,the high diffraction characteristics of lipid droplets provided convenient optical conditions for identification.At the beginning of the 20th century,these organelles were called liposomes because they were thought to be part of most cells.However,artificial liposomes were invented in the late 1960s and soon replaced the name.Since then,the organelle has been given many names,including lipid droplet,lipid body,lipid body,lipid droplet and liposome.In plants,they are often called oil bodies.With the rapid development of this field,it seems to have been named"lipid droplet".For decades,little attention has been paid to other aspects of lipid droplets other than morphological studies.The discovery of perilipin,a phosphate protein associated with lipid droplets,in fat cells in 1991 led to new interest in the organelle.Since then,the number of papers on lipid droplets has increased dramatically,and the function of lipid droplets has become increasingly important.