人体表型特征的DNA分子鉴识——5年新进展

DNA Molecular Identification of Human Phenotypic Characteristics——New Progress Over the Past Five Years

人体外部可见特征(externally visible characteristic,EVC)的分子鉴识,也被称为法医DNA表型(forensic DNA phenotyping,FDP)推断。在常规调查无法确定罪犯身份、DNA数据库未成功比对时,可作为"分子目击证人",通过从犯罪现场留下的生物检材或未知名尸体中获取DNA,推断其外部可见表型特征,以协助侦破案件。近年来,筛选不同EVC相关分子标记的研究多有报道,一部分EVC的推断已经具有一定的准确性,如发色和虹膜颜色。随着人体外部表型特征分子遗传学基础研究的持续深入,以及分子生物学技术的不断创新,将促进人体表型特征DNA分子鉴识的飞速发展。

Molecular identification of human externally visible characteristic(EVC), which is also called forensic DNA phenotyping(FDP), can serve as a"molecular witness"when the routine investigations can not determine the identity of a criminal and the DNA database find no match after comparison. FDP could assist in investigation of cases by inferring the externally visible phenotypic characteristics from DNA obtained from the biological materials left at crime scenes, or unknown corpses. In the last few years, studies on the selection of EVC related molecular markers have been reported frequently and some of the EVCs could already be inferred with a certain accuracy, such as hair color and iris color. Further fundamental research on molecular genetics of human external phenotypic characteristics, as well as the continuous innovation on molecular biological technology would promote the rapid development of DNA molecular identification of human phenotypic characteristics.