取食感染大麦黄矮病毒的小麦后介体麦长管蚜和非介体禾谷缢管蚜体内抗氧化酶和解毒酶活性的变化

Changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes in vector aphid Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) and non-vector aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (Homoptera: Aphididae) feeding on wheat plants infected with Barley yellow dwarf viru

【目的】小麦黄矮病[病原为大麦黄矮病毒(barley yellow dwarf virus,BYDV)]是危害小麦生产的主要病害之一,GAV是BYDV在我国的主流株系,且其在田间与介体麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae和非介体禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi同时发生,对小麦产量造成严重影响。本研究旨在探究大麦黄矮病毒胁迫下介体和非介体蚜虫体内重要保护酶和解毒酶活性变化规律,为揭示病毒-蚜虫互作生理生化机理提供参考。【方法】利用生化方法测定取食健康小麦(空白对照组),取食前期经无毒麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum 3龄若蚜为害72 h的小麦(条件对照组)及取食前期经携带BYDV-GAV麦二叉蚜3龄若蚜为害72 h的小麦(处理组)7 d后,介体麦长管蚜与非介体禾谷缢管蚜成蚜体内过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)等重要保护酶及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等重要解毒酶活性变化。【结果】取食前期经BYDV-GAV感染的麦二叉蚜3龄若蚜为害的小麦7 d后,介体麦长管蚜成蚜体内POD,SOD和AKP活性比空白对照组显著上升,但与条件对照组相比无显著差异;且条件对照组比空白对照组显著上升。取食经BYDV-GAV感染的麦二叉蚜3龄若蚜为害的小麦7 d后,非介体禾谷缢管蚜成蚜体内SOD,AKP和AchE活性比空白对照组显著下降,ACP活性显著上升,但与条件对照组相比仅ACP活性显著上升;且条件对照组禾谷缢管蚜体内AKP和AchE比空白对照组显著下降,ACP活性显著上升。【结论】取食感染BYDV-GAV小麦后介体麦长管蚜成蚜体内POD,SOD和AKP酶活性升高是前期蚜虫的为害造成,与BYDV-GAV无关;非介体禾谷缢管蚜成蚜体内AKP和AchE酶活性下降是前期蚜虫为害引起,SOD酶活性下降是前期蚜虫为害和BYDV-GAV的综合作用,而BYDV-GAV和前期蚜虫为害均能使禾谷缢管蚜体内ACP酶活性上升。

【Aim】Yellow dwarf disease caused by barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV)is one of the most important plant diseases that affects the production of wheat in China.GAV is the major strain of BYDV in China.Based on field investigation,BYDV-GAV,vector Sitobion avenae and non-vector Rhopalosiphum padi often occur together,which may cause serious losses to wheat yield.This study aims to investigate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and detoxification enzymes in both vector and non-vector aphids exposed to BYDV,so as to provide a reference for revealing the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of virus-aphid interaction.【Methods】The activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT),and detoxification enzymes including acyl carrier protein(ACP),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and acetyl cholinesterase(AchE),in S.avenae and R.padi adults fed on healthy wheat plants(the blank control group),wheat plants harmed by the 3rd instar nymphs of avirulent Schizaphis graminum for 72 h(the conditional control group)and wheat plants infected with BYDV-GAV(transmitted by the 3rd instar nymphs of S.graminum infected with BYDV-GAV for 72 h)(the treatment group)for 7 d were measured by biochemical method.【Results】The activities of POD,SOD and AKP in S.avenae adults fed on wheat plants infected with BYDV-GAV for 7 d were significantly increased as compared with those in the blank control group,but showed no significant difference from those in the conditional control group.And the activities of the above enzymes in S.avenae adults in the conditional control group were significantly higher than those in the blank control group.The activities of SOD,AKP and AchE in R.padi adults fed on wheat plants infected with BYDV-GAV for 7 d were significantly decreased,while the ACP activity was significantly increased as compared with those in the blank control group.And only the ACP activity in the treatment group was significantly increased as compared with that in the conditional control group.The activities of AKP and AchE in R.padi adults in the conditional control group were significantly lower than those in the blank control group,while the ACP activity in the conditional control group was significantly higher than that in the blank control group.【Conclusion】After feeding on wheat plants infected with BYDV-GAV,the increase of the activities of POD,SOD and AKP in vector aphid S.avenae adults is caused by previous aphid infestation,and has no relationship with BYDV-GAV.After feeding on wheat plants infected with BYDV-GAV,the decrease of the AKP and AchE activities in non-vector aphid R.padi adults is caused by previous aphid infestation,and the decrease of SOD activity is caused by the comprehensive effect of previous aphid infestation and BYDV-GAV,while BYDV-GAV and previous aphid infestation can increase the ACP activity.