水稻CMS-WA育性对播栽温度敏感性分析

Analysis of the fertility sensitivity to temperatures of sowing dates of CMS-WA in rice

[目的]本文旨在分析播栽温度对水稻野败型细胞质雄性不育性(wild abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS-WA)的影响,为不育系选育、提纯、繁殖和制种提供理论依据。[方法]设置16.8、21.2、24.5、27.3、30.1℃5个播栽温度,在自然温度梯度压力下,选择3个不同微效恢复基因数量的野败型(wild abortion type,WA)不育系珍汕97A、龙特浦A和京福1A,以嵌合颖花率和黑染花粉率为指标进行对比研究,应用回归模型和主效可加互作可乘模型(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction,AMMI),分析不育系花粉育性的变化动态。[结果]随着播栽期的推迟,不育系播始历期缩短,生育进程加快,有效积温总体呈先升后降趋势,表现感温性。播栽温度在20.1~30.1℃时能提高不育系黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率,呈正效应。随着播栽温度的上升,3个不育系的黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率总体上均表现上升趋势,龙特浦A响应极显著,京福1A和珍汕97A表现不显著。珍汕97A花粉育性平均值较低,黑染花粉率和嵌合颖花率分别为1.398%和5.628%,其基因型互作效应主成分轴(interaction principal component axis,ICPA1)值分别为-1.632和-1.512,表明其不育性稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度敏感度低;龙特浦A和京福1A花粉育性平均值较高,二者的黑染花粉率分别为9.836%和7.580%,嵌合颖花率分别为14.788%和11.810%,黑染花粉率基因型IPCA1数值分别为1.114和0.518,嵌合颖花率基因型IPCA1数值分别为0.133和1.379,表明其不育性较不稳定,花粉育性对播栽温度变化相对敏感。[结论]根据温度对不育系育性影响的变化规律,对于温度敏感型的不育系,宜采取早繁早制的措施,保证种子纯度。在不育系选育和遗传提纯上,应在微效恢复基因高效表达的温度条件下进行,可及早剔除不合格单株或株系,以获得不育性较稳定后代。

[Objectives]The study was carried out to investigate the temperature effect of different sowing dates on pollen fertility of CMS-WA(wild abortive type cytoplasmic male sterility)lines in rice,which would provide reference basis for breeding,purification,propagation and reproduction of male sterile lines.[Methods]Five temperatures(16.8,21.2,24.5,27.3 and 30.1℃)were selected as natural temperature gradient to study male fertility dynamics of three CMS-WA lines(Zhenshan 97A,Longtepu A and Jingfu 1A)which contain different numbers of restoring gene.The rates of dark pollen dyed by I 2-IK and florets with fertile anthers were analyzed by AMMI(additive main effects and multiplicative interaction)model and linear regression model.[Results]Due to delaying sowing date,duration from seeding to heading of the three CMS lines was reduced and the growth process was accelerated.The effectively accumulated temperature showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing which represented significantly temperature sensitivity.Temperatures(20.1-30.1℃)of sowing dates could positively increase dark pollen rate and the rate of florets with fertile anthers of CMS lines.Generally,with sowing date temperature rising,dark pollen rate by I 2-IK dyed and rate of florets with fertile anthers of CMS lines were increasing.Appreciable impact was observed in Longtepu A,but not in Jingfu 1A and Zhenshan 97A.The average value of pollen fertility of Zhenshan 97A was the lowest.Its dark pollen rate and the rate of florets with fertile anthers were 1.398%and 5.628%respectively,and the IPCA1(interaction principal component axis)values of genotype were-1.632 and-1.512 respectively.The result indicated low temperature sensitivity and stable pollen sterility characteristics in Zhenshan 97A.Compared to Zhenshan 97A,the average value of pollen fertility of Longtepu A and Jingfu 1A were higher.Their dark pollen rate were 9.836%and 7.580%respectively,and the rate of florets with fertile anthers were 14.788%and 11.810%respectively,and the IPCA1values of their genotypes of the dark pollen rate were 1.114 and 0.518 respectively,and the IPCA1 values of their genotypes of the rate of florets with fertile anthers were 0.133 and 1.379 respectively.Longtepu A and Jingfu 1A had more temperature sensitivity and unstable pollen sterility.[Conclusions]According to the impact trend of temperature on sterility of CMS lines,especially on temperature-sensitive CMS lines,early season propagation and early season production are priority adopted to ensure the purity of seeds.On account of breeding improvement and genetic purification of CMS lines,the purification should be conducted at the temperature at which the restoring gene with minor effect was highly expressed.Thereby the unqualified individual plant or lines could be eliminated as soon as possible.