北并于南——元代北方春秋学的发展演变

Merging the North into the South:The Development of the Studies on The Spring and Autumn Annals in the North China in the Yuan Dynasty

元代北方春秋学的发展演变是学术“北反并于南”的典型。金亡之后,一批北方学者如李昶、敬铉延续金源遗风,偏重《左传》及杜预注,与南方学术鲜有关联;而以郝经为代表的赵复追随者,试图以南来理学对《春秋》展开新的诠释。学术思想上的驳杂,则是南北学术初步融合的结果。元朝统一南北之后,在南北理学之士的共同推动下,程朱理学成为国家官方意识形态,科举《春秋》经义许用三传及胡安国《春秋传》。在政治(科举)的强力影响下,南方学术统一南北。北方春秋学的研究方法、思路、主旨都失去了北方特色,与南方春秋学著述已无二致。北方学者在胡安国《春秋传》被立为官学的过程中起了主导作用,影响了元明二代春秋学的走向。

The studies on The Spring and Autumn Annals in the north China in the Yuan Dynasty is a typical example for the annexation of the northern academics into the southern academics after the northern academics overrode the southern in China.After the extinction of the Jin Dynasty,some northern scholars such as Li Chang and Jing Xuan followed the traditional Jin academic style and focused on the study on The Commentary of Zuo and Du Yu s annotations for the commentary book,having little connection with southern scholars.Hao Jing,a follower of Zhao Fu,tried to give a new interpretation to The Spring and Autumn Annals based on Neo-Confucianism from the south,causing the first wave of mixed academic thoughts between the north and the south.After the Yuan Dynasty unified China,Neo-Confucianism became the official ideology of China under the jointly promotion of northern and southern Neo-Confucianism scholars.The three commentaries on The Spring and Autumn Annals and Hu Anguo s commentary on it were established as the authoritative interpretation of it through imperial examinations.The southern academic thoughts became overwhelming in China,and the methodologies,thoughts and purport of the northern scholars of The Spring and Autumn Annals have lost northern characters.However,the northern scholars played a leading role in this process,which had affected the trend of study on The Spring and Autumn Annals in the Yuan Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.