外泌体在黑素瘤发生发展及诊疗方面的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosomes in Progression,Diagnosis and Therapy of Melanoma

外泌体是细胞膜内陷后通过一系列复杂机制形成的细胞外囊泡,其在调节人体正常生理过程和某些病理过程中发挥重要作用。目前研究发现,外泌体与肿瘤的发生发展密切相关。黑素瘤是黑素细胞来源的恶性肿瘤,其晚期预后往往很差。因此,深入研究黑素瘤的侵袭转移机制对其诊治非常重要。外泌体可通过多种机制促进黑素瘤进展,同时外泌体中的特异性生物标志物也可用于黑素瘤的诊断及预后判断,外泌体的一些特殊功能也可以用于黑素瘤治疗。

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles formed by a series of complex mechanisms following cell membrane invagination.They have important effect in regulating physiological processes and some pathological processes.Recent studies have proved that exosomes play vital roles in development of tumors.Melanoma is a malignant tumor deriving from melanocytes,and late stage melanoma is of poor prognosis.Therefore,in-depth researches on the mechanisms of melanoma invasion and metastasis are important for its diagnosis and treatment.Exosomes are able to promote melanoma progression through many mechanisms.Moreover,some specific biomarkers in exosomes can be used in the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma,and some special functions of exosomes can be used in melanoma therapy.