超声技术在围手术期呼吸道管理中的应用进展

Application Progress of Ultrasound in Perioperative Respiratory Management

近年来,超声技术因其安全、实时、无辐射、无创等优势而广泛应用于围手术期的操作引导、监测诊断及指导诊疗。呼吸道管理是围手术期医学的重要组成部分,随着对围手术期安全化、舒适化、可视化、精准化管理的进步,超声技术在围手术期呼吸道管理中的应用逐渐增多。呼吸道不同解剖部位的超声检查对完善麻醉策略、降低气道风险具有重要意义。目前超声检查主要用于评估困难气道、判断气管导管型号、导管插入位置和深度、诊断急性肺部疾病、预测撤机时机、评价呼吸功能以及测量胃内容物等方面。

In recent years,ultrasonic technology has been widely used in perioperative period due to its advantages of safety,real-time,radiation-free and non-invasiveness,and is suitable for operation guidance,monitoring,diagnosis and treatment guidance.As an important part of perioperative medicine,respiratory tract management constantly pursues safety,comfort,visualization and precision,and the application of ultrasound in perioperative respiratory tract management has gradually increased.Ultrasound examination of different anatomical parts of respiratory tract is helpful to improve anesthesia strategy and reduce airway risk.At present,it is mainly used to evaluate difficult airways,to judge the type,location and depth of tracheal tube,to diagnose acute lung diseases,to predict weaning timing,to evaluate respiratory function and to measure gastric contents.