汉语框式介词“在+NP+L”中方位词的隐现研究

The usage of localizers in Mandarin circumposition zai+NP+L

框式介词“在+NP+L”是汉语空间关系的一种概念化方式,关于其后置方位词L的隐现问题研究较少,且说服力不强。本文以认知语言学关于空间关系的理论为指导,以CCL语料库中的具体实例为基础,以定量加定性的方式对该框式介词的用法进行了分析,并借此提出了地图空间认知图式和实体空间认知图式的概念。研究结果表明,方位词L的隐现与框式介词中NP题元的性质有关:NP的体量越大,越可能采用远距视角并以地图空间认知的方式来编码,此时方位词L多属隐性;NP的体量越小,越可能采用近距视角并以实体空间认知的方式来编码,此时方位词L多属显性。体量居中的情况取决于观察者的意向或认知偏好。

The circumposition zai+NP+L is a way to conceptualize spatial relations in Mandarin Chinese.The usage of localizers in it is barely studied nor explained persuasively.Guided by the relevant theories in cognitive linguistics,the paper explores scenes where this circumposition can occur based on substantive examples from CCL.Grounded in the qualitative and quantitative analysis,two models—map spatial construal schema and entity spatial cognitive schema are proposed.The results claim that,the bulkier the argument referent is,the more the map spatial cognitive schema is adopted with a distal perspective and the localizer is implicit;the less bulky the argument referent is,the more the entity spatial cognitive schema is adopted with a proximal perspective and the localizer is explicit.The use of localizers concerning the midway argument referent resides in the construal preference or intentionality of the viewers.