中国苹果主产区2006—2016年磷元素收支及其环境风险变化

Phosphorus budgets and their associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China from 2006 to 2016

为探讨中国苹果主产区磷元素收支及其环境风险变化,更好地实现区域乡村振兴和生态文明建设。以中国苹果主产区为研究对象,基于物质流分析和磷足迹评价的方法,探讨了2006-2016年中国苹果主产区磷收支及其磷足迹情况;此外,结合灰水足迹和土壤环境风险评价指数,探讨了中国苹果主产区水土环境风险情况。研究表明,在2006-2016年,中国苹果主产区单位面积磷投入呈先增加后减少的趋势,而生产苹果的含磷量则呈现略微波动增加的趋势,这使得中国苹果主产区磷足迹也呈现出先增加后减少的变化趋势,这段时期内,中国苹果主产区磷投入总量(以P计)达到了184.86万t,总磷元素利用效率仅为3.95%;苹果主产区苹果种植的水环境风险在2006-2010年呈不断严重的趋势,但随后几年则有所改善,而土壤环境风险则均呈不断严重的趋势;中国不同区域的单位面积磷投入、磷足迹和环境风险呈现出一定的差异。

Intensive apple production can bring economic benefits but may also create environmental problems. Phosphorus is vital for plants and thus, applying P to croplands can enhance production;however, it can also result in environmental risks. Therefore, it is highly important to estimate the phosphorus budget and its associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China, as this would be beneficial to ecological conservation and rural revitalization. Thus, we estimated the phosphorus budget and its associated environmental risks in the main apple orchard areas in China during 2006-2016 based on material flow analysis, P footprints, grey water footprint, and other factors. The main results were as follows. In 2006-2016, P inputs per unit area of China′ s main apple producing areas showed a trend of"first increase and then decrease,"while the P content of the produced apples showed a slight increase, which led to the same trend of"first increase and then decrease"for the P footprints of China′s main apple producing areas. During the same period, the total P inputs in these areas reached 1.848 6×10~6 t, whereas the total phosphorus utilization efficiency was only 3.95%. The risk to the water environment from apple cultivation in the main apple producing areas showed an increasingly serious trend during 2006-2010 but it improved in the following years, while the soil environmental risks always showed an increasingly serious trend. There are certain differences in P inputs per unit area, P footprints, and environmental risks in different regions in China. Therefore, this study can provide a scientific basis for improving regional rural revitalization and constructing an ecological civilization.