罗勒子挥发油的化学成分及多糖的单糖组成分析

Analysis of the chemical constituents of volatile oil and the monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide from Semen Ocimi Basilici

目的提取罗勒子中的挥发油,分析挥发油的化学成分,从提取挥发油后的残渣中提取罗勒子多糖,分析其多糖的组成。方法同时蒸馏萃取法和水蒸气蒸馏法提取罗勒子的挥发油,气相色谱-质谱法鉴别挥发油的化学成分。采用水提醇沉法提取残渣中多糖,薄层色谱法分析多糖的组成。结果同时蒸馏萃取法提取的挥发油中,共鉴定出51种化合物,占总量的91.76%,其中含有烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、醇、酯、醛、酸、酮、醚、酰氯、杂环及酰胺等。水蒸气蒸馏法提取的挥发油中鉴定出43种化合物,占总量88.20%,含有烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、醇、酯、醛、酸、醚、酮、杂环及酰胺等。罗勒子多糖中鉴别出果糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖及木糖5种单糖。结论两种提取方法得到挥发油的化学成分有9种物质相同,结合两种提取方法分析挥发油将更加全面。

Objective To extract the volatile oil in Semen Ocimi Basilici(SOB),determine the chemical con stituents of the volatile oil extract the polysaccharide from the SOB residue after extracting the volatile oil,and analyze the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide.Methods The SOB volatile oil was extracted by the simultane ous distillation and extraction(SDE)method and by the conventional method of steam distillation,respectively,and the chemical constituents of the oils were analyzed and identified by the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).Polysaccharides in the SOB residues were obtained by the water extraction,followed by the alcohol precipitation,and the monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharide were analyzed by the thin layer chromatography(TLC).Results In total 51 compounds were identified in the SOB volatile oil extracted by the SDE method,accounting for 91.76%of the total oil amount,involving the alkanes,alkenes,alkynes,alcohols,esters,aldehydes,acids,ketones,ethers,acyl chloride,heterocycles,amide and other substances.In total 43 compounds were identified in the SOB vola tile oil extracted by the conventional steam distillation,accounting for 88.20%of the total oil amount,which was related to the alkanes,alkenes,alkynes,alcohols,esters,aldehydes,acids,ethers,ketones,heterocycles,amides and other substances.The monosaccharide composition analysis showed that the SOB polysaccharide was composed of 5 kinds of monosaccharides.Conclusion Among the identified compounds,only 9 compounds existed in the SOB volatile oils extracted by two different methods,indicating that the combined use of the two different extraction methods may be more powerful for comprehensive analysis of the chemical constituents of SOB volatile oil.