三种植物精油化学成分分析及体外抑菌活性研究

Chemical Constituents and Antibacterial Activities in Vitro of Three Plant Essential Oils

为了研究肉桂、山苍子、迷迭香植物精油化学成分及体外抑菌活性,采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈直径,通过肉汤稀释法和点种法测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)、最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过气相-质谱法(GC-MS)测定各植物精油的成分及含量。结果显示,肉桂精油浓度在1.118%时就可将5种病原菌全部杀灭;山苍子精油浓度在4.75%时可将S.albus、S.aureus、E.coli、C.albians杀灭,而对P.aeruginosa的杀灭浓度大于9.5%;迷迭香精油在浓度9.5%可将S.albus、S.aureus、C.albicans杀灭,而对E.coli、P.aeruginosa的杀灭浓度大于9.5%。GC-MS结果显示,肉桂精油主要组分为肉桂醛(83.57%)、2′-甲氧基肉桂醛(5.96%),香豆素(2.90%);山苍子精油包括柠檬醛(21.45%)、双戊烯(21.88%)、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛(20.96%);迷迭香精油主要含有α-蒎烯(24.09%)、桉树脑(25.81%)、左旋樟脑(25.09%)、异龙脑(9.28%)。结果表明,3种植物精油具有广谱的抑菌活性,能够为开发新型、绿色、安全、高效的抗生素替代品提供理论依据。

In order to study the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activities in vitro of plant essential oils of Cinnamomum cassia,Litsea cubeba and Rosmarinus officinalis,the diameter of antimicrobial circle was measured by filter paper method,the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC)were determined by broth dilution method and dot seed method,and the components and contents of essential oils were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The results displayed that Cinnamomum cassia essential oil could kill all five pathogens at 1.118%concentration;Litsea cubeba essential oil could kill S.albus,S.aureus,E.coli and C.albians at 4.75%concentration,but the killing concentration of P.aeruginosa was more than 9.5%;Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil could kill S.albus,S.aureus and C.albicans at 9.5%concentration,while E.coli and P.aeruginosa at more than 9.5%concentration.The results of GC-MS showed that the main components of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil were cinnamaldehyde(83.57%),2′-methoxycinnamaldehyde(5.96%)and coumarin(2.90%);Litsea cubeba essential oil included citral(21.45%),dipentene(21.88%),(Z):-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienal(20.96%);Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil mainly containedα-pinene(24.09%),eucalyptus(25.81%),levocamphor(25.09%),isoborneol(9.28%).The results showed that three plant essential oils had broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity,which could provide theoretical basis for the development of new,green,safe and efficient alternatives to antibiotics.