杜威与彼得斯的教育目的观之比较

A Comparison of Educational Purpose between Dewey and Peters

教育目的作为教育的首要问题一直以来都是学者们争论的焦点。杜威运用实用主义哲学思想对传统的教育目的观进行了批判,认为关于教育目的应该从教育本身中寻找,不应在教育之外寻找。彼得斯则从分析哲学出发,认为教育的目的是从自身内部培养受过教育的人,受过教育的人在知识和理论理解上具有一定的深度、广度,并且具有善的知识。尽管二者处在不同的时代,但他们是各自时代教育理论的伟大发现者,均在教育史上有着举足轻重的影响力。分别阐释杜威和彼得斯的教育目的观,并比较、分析了二者关于教育目的观的异同,以期为审视我国当前的教育目的提供借鉴。

The purpose of education as the primary issue of education has always been the focus of debate among scholars. Dewey criticized the traditional view of educational purpose with the philosophy of pragmatism, and believed that the purpose of education should be found in education itself, not outside of education. Peters, on the other hand, from the perspective of analytical philosophy, believes that the purpose of education is to cultivate educated people from within. Educated people have certain depth and breadth in knowledge and theoretical understanding, and have good knowledge. Although they are in different times, they are the great discoverers of educational theories in their respective times, and both of them have a decisive influence on the history of education. This paper expounds Dewey’s and Peters’ views on educational purpose respectively, comparing and analyzing their similarities and differences on educational purpose, so as to provide some references for reviewing the current educational purpose in China.