低密度碳/酚醛复合材料的制备及其性能研究

Properties study and preparation of low density carbon/phenolic resin composite

以降低传统碳/酚醛复合材料密度为目的,在对复合材料密度进行理论分析计算的基础上,采用在酚醛树脂中添加轻质填料的方法制备低密度碳/酚醛复合材料,按照正交实验法对轻质填料含量以及复合材料制备工艺参数进行分析与优化。结果表明,分别采用聚丙烯腈基碳纤维和粘胶基碳纤维作为增强材料,研制的碳/酚醛复合材料的密度分别为1.339 g/cm^3和1.211 g/cm^3,拉伸强度分别为294 MPa和131 MPa,剪切强度分别为15.0 MPa和14.7 MPa,室温热导率分别为0.215 W/(m·K)和0.476 W/(m·K),200℃热导率分别为0.340 W/(m·K)和0.599 W/(m·K),氧乙炔线烧蚀率分别为0.011 mm/s和0.030 mm/s,复合材料密度降低的同时,其他性能满足固体火箭发动机喷管烧蚀防热材料的使用要求。

The low density carbon/phenolic resin composite was prepared by adding lightweight filler in phenolic resin in order to reduce the density of the traditional carbon/phenolic composite.The content of light-weight fillers in phenolic resin and processing parameters were analyzed and optimized by orthogonal design method.The results show that the densities of composite with pan-based carbon fiber and rayon-based carbon fiber are 1.339 g/cm^3 and 1.211 g/cm^3,respectively.the corresponding tensile strength is 294 MPa and 131 MPa,with shear strength of 15.0 MPa and 14.7 MPa.Their thermal conductivity at room temperature is about 0.215 W/(m·K)and 0.476 W/(m·K),whereas it is is 0.340 W/(m·K)and 0.599 W/(m·K)at 200℃.The oxygen-acetylene line ablation rate is 0.011 mm/s and 0.030 mm/s,and hence the application of ablative materials for thermal protection may meet the requirement of solid rocket motor.