农业技术进步、农村劳动力转移与城乡收入差距——基于农业劳动生产率的分组研究

The Impact of Agricultural Technology Progress,Rural Labor Transfer and the Income Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas:Study and Analysis on the Grouping of Agricultural Labor Productivity

文章按照农业劳动生产率分组的研究思路,利用2003-2017年全国30个省份的数据分别构建全国区域、高农业劳动生产率区域和低农业劳动生产率区域的动态面板模型,对农业技术进步、农村劳动力转移及城乡收入差距之间的关系进行实证分析。研究表明:农业技术进步在全国区域和低农业劳动生产率区域中均显著扩大了城乡收入差距,在高农业劳动生产率区域中也扩大了差距,但并不显著;农村劳动力转移在各区域中均能显著缩小城乡收入差距,其中低农业劳动生产率区域中的缩减作用更为明显;农业技术进步既可以直接作用于城乡收入差距,也可以通过农村劳动力转移的"遮掩效应"作用于城乡收入差距;农村劳动力转移则直接作用于城乡收入差距。因此,政府在针对城乡收入差距制定政策时,不仅要针对区域特征进行制定,而且也要处理好农业技术进步与农村劳动力转移之间的逻辑关系。

According to the research idea of agricultural labor productivity grouping,this paper uses the data of 30 provinces in 2003-2017 to construct the dynamic panel model of the national region,high agricultural labor productivity region and low agricultural labor productivity region,and makes an empirical analysis on the relationship among agricultural technology progress,rural labor transfer and urban-rural income gap. The results show that the progress of agricultural technology has significantly expanded the income gap between urban and rural areas in both regions of China and low agricultural labor productivity,but not significantly in regions of high agricultural labor productivity;the transfer of rural labor force can significantly reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in all regions,especially in low agricultural labor productivity regions;the progress of agricultural technology can not only directly affect the income gap between urban and rural areas,but also affect the income gap between urban and rural areas through the "cover-up effect" of rural labor transfer;the transfer of rural labor directly affects the income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore,when making policies for the income gap between urban and rural areas,the government should not only make policies for regional characteristics,but also deal with the logical relationship between agricultural technology progress and rural labor transfer.