种植密度对滴灌马铃薯生长、产量的影响

Effects of sowing density on growth and yield of potato under drip irrigation

为了了解耕培土滴灌条件下种植密度对马铃薯生长、产量以及水分利用效率的影响,试验共设密度分别为7.28×10^4株/hm^2(RS25),6.67×10^4株/hm^2(RS35),5.55×10^4株/hm^2(CK)3个处理.结果表明:随着种植密度的增加,株高、茎粗、干物质积累量以及商品薯率均有降低的趋势;产量、水分利用效率随种植密度的增加表现出先增大后减少,其中处理RS35产量和水分利用效率均表现最高,分别达到47325 kg/hm^2和12.05 kg/m^3;在马铃薯品质方面,种植密度对马铃薯粗蛋白含量的影响不具有统计学意义;淀粉和维生素C随着密度的大幅增加而降低,其中处理RS25的淀粉较CK降低了5.57%,处理RS25的维生素C较CK降低了7.96%,同时处理RS35与CK不具有统计学意义.综上所述,种植密度为6.67×10^4株/hm^2的处理RS35马铃薯高产优质,且水分利用效率最高,为黑龙江地区滴灌马铃薯较为适宜的种植密度.

A field test was carried out to study effects of sowing density on potato yield,growth and water use efficiency under drip irrigation with cultivator in Heilongjiang province,China,and even-tually identify the best sowing density for potato with high yield and good quality.The crop was grown with three sowing densities,namely 7.28(10^4 plants/hm^2)(RS25),6.67(10^4 plants/hm^2)(RS35)and 5.55(10^4 plants/hm^2)(CK).Results show that with increasing sowing density all the potato plant height,stem thickness,commodity potato rate and dry matter accumulation exhibit a decreasing tendency.The potato yield and water use efficiency rise with increasing density but start to decline at a density.As a result,RS35 leads to the highest yield and water use efficiency,such as 47325 kg/m^3 and 12.05 kg/hm^2,respectively.Regarding potato quality,the effect of sowing density on potato crude protein content is not statistically significant.The starch and Vc contents go down sharply with increase of the density,especially,both contents are decreased by 5.57% and 7.96%,respectively,in RS25,compared with CK.Unfortunately,there is no statistically significant difference between them.Thus,sowing density 6.67×10^4 plants/hm^2 in RS35 leads to higher yield,finer tuber quality and better water use efficiency,it is a more suitable sowing density in Heilongjiang province under drip irrigation.