河北省粮食主产区不同生产经营规模对小麦-玉米综合效率的影响

The Influence of Different Production Scale on the Wheat-corn Overall Efficiency in Major Grain Producing Areas of Hebei Province

利用河北省粮食主产区赵县、宁晋、清苑3个县中的120户小农户和40户新型经营主体的投入-产出数据,采用层次聚类法划分为7个规模区间,基于数据包络模型(DEA),分析不同规模区间粮地综合效率。结果表明:10~16.67公顷、100~133.33公顷这两个规模纯技术效率、规模技术效率、综合效率都为有效,且规模报酬不变,综合效率与经营规模成“U型”效应趋势。通过Tobit影响因素分析得出:粮地综合效率高低主要受土地经营面积、年龄、受教育程度、劳动投入、土地划分块数、玉米销售单价和土地投入成本7个因素影响。因此,针对河北省周年两熟耕作制度、水热条件限制状况,家庭农场和种植大户10~16.67公顷、100~133.33公顷为最优规模区间。

Using the input-output data of 120 small farmers and 40 new business entities in Zhaoxian County,Ningjin County and Qingyuan County,the author adopts hierarchical clustering method to divide three counties into 7 scale ranges,which are(0-3.33hm 2),[3.33-10hm 2),[10-16.67hm 2),16.67-26.67hm 2),[26.67-43.33hm 2),[43.33-100hm 2),[100-133.33hm 2).Based on data envelopment model(DEA),the author analyzed overall efficiency of grain and land in different scales.The results show:Both 10-16.67hm 2 and 100-133.33hm 2 are effective in terms of pure scale technical efficiency,scale technical efficiency and overall efficiency,and constant returns to scale.There is a u-shaped effect trend between overall efficiency and operation scale.Through analyzing Tobit influencing factors,it concludes that:the overall efficiency of grain land is mainly affected by seven factors:land operating area,age,education level,labor input,land partition number,unit price of corn and land input cost.As a result,according to the annual double cropping farming system and water and heat condition restrictions in Hebei Province,10-16.67hm 2 and 100-133.33hm 2 are the optimal scale ranges of family farms and large growers.