农村生物质成型燃料加工厂最佳收集半径计算模型

Calculation Model of Optimum Collection Radius for Rural Biomass Fuel Processing Plant Tsinghua University

治理空气污染问题,全面推进北方地区清洁取暖是关键。利用我国农村地区丰富的秸秆资源,将秸秆加工为成型燃料,并使用专用的生物质采暖炉替代农村传统的柴灶和燃煤土暖气进行采暖,可以显著提高能源利用效率和减少污染物排放,实现最大程度的节能减排。由于秸秆资源具有能量密度低及原料分散的特点,因此生物质固化成型加工厂的秸秆收集范围不宜过大,否则在运输成本上花费过高,反而容易使生物质丧失价格上的优势。生物质成型燃料的加工应选择在生物质资源丰富的农村地区采用“一村一厂代加工”模式,实现成型燃料的自供自足。本文提出了成型燃料加工厂加工单位质量生物质的成本计算模型,从经济性的角度为确定加工厂的最佳收集规模提供理论依据,并应用该模型对某北方清洁取暖试点城市生物质成型燃料加工厂布局进行了试算。

Clean heating in rural areas is the key to control air pollution.The abundant straw resources in rural areas can be processed into solid fuels by solidification moulding technology.The use of biomass heating stoves instead of traditional wood stoves in rural areas can improve energy efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions.Because straw resources have the characteristics of low energy density and dispersed raw materials,the straw collection range of biomass processing plant should not be too large,otherwise the cost of transportation is too high.The processing of biomass fuel should adopt the mode of“one village,one factory”in rural areas with abundant biomass resources to realize self-sufficiency of fuel.In this paper,a cost calculation model of biomass per unit mass in a fuel processing plant is proposed, which provides a theoretical basis for determining the optimum collection scale of the plant from the economic point of view. The model is applied to the trial calculation of the layout of the fuel processing plant in a northern city.