含镉化合物在光催化领域应用的研究进展

Research progress in application of cadmium-containing compounds in photocatalysis

镉是一种位于ⅡB族的过渡金属,与常见的光催化剂中锌元素同族,除了具有锌的部分性质外,还具有其他优异的光学性质,因此具有很广泛的应用前景。本文综述了不同类型的镉化合物在光催化领域的应用,介绍了半导体的光催化原理、含镉的新型催化剂的合成方法以及掺杂量对催化活性的影响,同时也分析了导致催化剂活性改变的原因,并在最后介绍了镉的危害及其处理措施。通过对离子镉、氧化镉、硫化镉以及其他镉化合物的分析研究,发现适量的镉及其化合物的引入会导致整个催化体系结构或性质的改变,并通过协同作用提升催化活性。但目前此类催化剂实现工业化应用还面临着很大的挑战,仍需要在设计简易合成方法、提高催化剂的量子效率及稳定性、催化剂催化机理等方面进行更深入的研究。

Cadmium is a transition metal located in group ⅡB, which is similar to the zinc, an element commonly used in photocatalysts. Besides sharing some properties of zinc, cadmium also has other excellent optical properties, so it has a wide application prospect. This paper reviews the application of cadmium compounds in photocatalysis, and introduces the photocatalysis principle of semiconductors, the synthesis methods of new cadmium contained catalysts, and the influence of doping amount on the catalytic activity. At the same time, the causes of catalyst activity change were also analyzed. Finally, the hazards of cadmium and its treatment measures were introduced. Through the analysis of ionic cadmium,cadmium oxide, cadmium sulfide and other cadmium compounds, we found that the introduction of the appropriate amount of cadmium and its compounds will change the structure or properties of the whole catalytic system, and enhance the catalytic activity through synergistic effect. However, at present, such catalysts are facing great challenges in industrial application, and further research is needed on designing simple synthesis methods, improving the quantum efficiency and stability of catalysts, and exploring the catalytic mechanism.