明代苏州园林与家族关系再研究——以王鏊家族为例

Restudy of the Relationship between Gardens and Families in Suzhou Ming Dynasty——A Case Study of Wang Ao Family

明代中后期是江南园林发展的重要转折期。已有研究指出,文徵明的文氏家族和由商入仕的徐氏家族的造园活动具有家族特征,说明造园主体的家族文化、身份认同对家族成员的造园活动有一致的影响。本文选取与文氏家族同时期的王氏家族,通过对其家族关系和造园活动及风格的梳理,发现家族园林具有明显脉络和延续性主题,但在身份突变的代际间,会在局部景点发生重大变化。另一方面,短期内由身份变化引起的意识或观念突破,不足以在整体上改变园林风格。家族园林的相对一致以近似的祖居环境、际遇身份和个人追求为前提,并通过园主人格追求影响家族造园风格变化。

The middle and late Ming Dynasty was a significant turning point in the development of the Jiangnan garden.It pointed out that the gardening activities of the Wen family and the Xu family have family characteristics,which show that the family culture and identity of the gardening subject have a consistent impact on the family gardening activities.In this paper,the Wang family of the same period as the Wen family,through the family relationship and gardening activities and style of combing,found that the family garden has noticeable veins and continuity theme,but between the generations of identity mutation,will be a significant change in local attractions.On the other hand,the awareness or concept breakthrough caused by the turn of identity in the short term is not enough to change the garden style in general.The relatives of the family garden premised on the approximate ancestral environment,the identity of the encounter and the individual pursuit,and the pursuit of the Chinese scholar's style influences the change of the family gardening style.