中国特有植物白玉山蔷薇分类学考证

Taxonomic study on endemic plant Rosa baiyushanensis Q. L. Wang in Liaoning,China

白玉山蔷薇(Rosa baiyushanensis Q.L.Wang)为中国特有植物,仅分布于辽宁省大连市旅顺口区,被列为辽宁省二级保护植物。本种发表于1984年,模式标本是1957年6月由朱有昌采自大连旅顺白玉山。笔者通过近年来的野外调查发现,由于模式产地生境被破坏,未见到白玉山蔷薇的分布,但是在旅顺范围内距离白玉山不远的郭家沟、对庄沟一带均见到此植物。考虑到上述地方均是人为活动较频繁的区域,而且还发现此植物与原产欧洲的犬蔷薇(Rosa canina L.)同时出现,加之该地区的历史原因,笔者推断白玉山蔷薇与犬蔷薇类似,均是外来植物。通过野外观察、查阅中外植物志和比对模式标本,对其外部形态进行仔细对照研究发现,白玉山蔷薇与原产欧洲的锈红蔷薇(Rosa rubiginosa L.)没有本质区别,故将白玉山蔷薇处理为锈红蔷薇的异名。同时,考虑到白玉山蔷薇(锈红蔷薇)在某些国家被列为外来入侵种,笔者建议将白玉山蔷薇从保护名单上删除。此外,根据Rehder蔷薇属分类系统白玉山蔷薇(锈红蔷薇)和犬蔷薇在分类上均属于蔷薇属(Rosa L.)蔷薇亚属(Subgen.Eurosa)犬齿组(Sect.Caninae),这一发现填补了《中国植物志》未收录犬齿组植物的空白。同时,笔者也纠正了Flora of China将白玉山蔷薇(锈红蔷薇)划分到桂味组(Sect.Cinnamomeae)的错误。

Rosa baiyushanensis Q.L.Wang is an endemic,second-class protected plant in Liaoning Province,China,found only in the Lushun area of Dalian.It was first described by Qingli Wang in 1984 based on three herbarium specimens collected in Baiyu Mountain in Lushun,Dalian,Liaoning Province.During our field work,however,we found no species corresponding to the holotype specimen in Baiyu Mountain,which is likely due to human disturbance and habitat destruction.In the Lushun range,not far from Baiyu Mountain,the species was found in Guojiagou,Duizhuanggou,and other areas.In addition,Rosa canina L.,a species native to Europe,was found near Rosa baiyushanensis.Considering that the above places have experienced considerable human disturbance and were occupied by Russia in the 20th century,we conclude that both species are exotic plants.Through field observation,reference to flora,and comparison of external morphology of type specimens of Rosa baiyushanensis and Rosa rubiginosa L.,we determine that the former is not essentially different from the latter.Therefore,Rosa baiyushanensis is reduced to synonymy of Rosa rubiginosa L.Furthermore,it is suggested that Rosa baiyushanensis should be removed from the protected list.In Flora of China,Rosa baiyushanensis(Rosa rubiginosa L.)is placed in Section Cinnamomeae,but it belongs in Section Caninae according to Rehder’s Classification of Roses.In Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,Rosa baiyushanensis and Rosa canina L.are not included and the discovery of these two species fills a gap in the distribution of Section Caninae in China.