从涿鹿之战看中国史前水利与华夏文明

A study of prehistoric water projects and origin of Chinese civilization based on the battle of Zhuolu

涿鹿之战发生于公元前3000年左右,是我国历史上有记载的第一次大型战争,也是影响中国历史文明进程的重大历史转折之战。本文根据有关记载,汉代画像石以及苗族传说等史料,研究了涿鹿之战的过程。认为黄帝战胜蚩尤的战争是一场以水代兵的水攻战,是掌握了相对先进水利技术的炎黄族战胜以武力见长的蚩尤族的战争。根据有关传说,提出应龙是早期堤堰一类水利工程的化身。涿鹿之战中的“应龙蓄水”为我国历史记载最早的水利工程,进而探讨了我国早期水利工程的起源以及与华夏文明的关系、人类早期的水利活动对文明进程的影响。

This paper deals with the process of Battle of Zhuolu,the first mass war in Chinese history,which took place about 3000 B.C.Huangdi,the Chinese ancestor,defeated Chiyou by using water as weapon in the war and conquered the central China.This is a result that Huangdi nationality mastering advanced water technologies beat Chiyou nationality who was good at fighting.The paper discusses further the relationship between water activities and origin of Chinese civilization in the prehistoric age.It put forwards a point of view that the“Water Storage by Yinglong Dragon”in the Battle of Zhuolu is the earliest water project in the records of Chinese history.The Yinglong Dragon is the incarnation of water project like dike and weir in the earlier historical period.