《说文解字》多形形声字的归部理据探索

Reasons for the Classification of Polysyllabic Semantic-plus-phonetic Characters in Shuowen Jiezi

多形形声字的归部受《说文》部内字编排体例的制约。两个形符(义符)都为《说文》部首的多形形声字,其归部按照“以类相从”的原则选择义符进行归部。受部首系统和字形结构限制的多形形声字据另外的成字义符归部的同时,其归部也遵循了“以类相从”的原则。个别字的归部没有遵从该原则当属例外。“以类相从”是许慎对多义符的形声字选择义符进行归部的基本原则。

The classification of the polysyllabic semantic-plus-phonetic characters is restricted by the rules of arranging characters in Shuowen.When the two morphemes of the polysyllabic semantic-plus-phonetic characters are radicals,choosing a morpheme for classification follows the rule of“arranging characters by meaning”.When the polysyllabic semantic-plus-phonetic characters are restricted by the system of radical and the font structure,select another morpheme for classification;at the same time,its classification also follows the rule of“arranging characters by meaning”.The exception is when the classification of other characters does not comply with this principle.The rule of“arranging characters by meaning”is the basic principle of classification of the polysyllabic semantic-plus-phonetic characters.