南茜·弗雷泽对资本主义的三维批判及启示——以性别不平等为视角

Nancy Fraser’s Three-Dimensional Criticism of Capitalism and Its Enlightenment: From the Perspective of Gender Inequality

作为美国新马克思主义的女性主义的领军人物,弗雷泽在全球化的世界历史视域中运用总体性的方法从经济、政治和文化三个维度揭示了性别不平等的社会根源。在她看来,制度化的性别分工所造成的分配不公导致了女性对男性的经济依赖;政治结构上起点的不公造成的错误代表权导致了女性在公共协商与民主决策制定中的失语或边缘化;男性中心主义文化规范所造成的错误承认导致了女性无法获得与男性一样的尊重与承认,身份和价值遭到贬抑,最终建构了其独创性的三维性别正义理论,实现了对当代资本主义批判的新发展。这启示我们,性别平等的实现必须推翻资本主义的剥削制度,克服性别化的劳动分工,肯定家务劳动的价值,赋予女性更多的代表权,重构文化规范,努力促进女性主义运动走向国际联合。

As a feminist leader of the new Marxism in the United States,Fraser uses the overall approach to reveal the social roots of gender inequality in economic,political and cultural dimensions.In her view,the unfair distribution caused by the gender division of labor supported by capitalism leads to women’s economic dependence on men;the wrong representation of the inequality in the political structure leads to women’s loss of their voice or marginalization of decision-making in public consultation and democracy;misrecognition caused by male-centered cultural norms leads to women’s inability to gain equal respect and recognition with men,and depreciation of identity and value.Ultimately Fraser construcs the original three-dimensional gender justice theory,which is new developments in the critique of contemporary capitalism.This reveals that the realization of gender equality must overthrow the capitalist exploitation system,overcome the gender division of labor division,affirm the value of housework,give women more representation,reconstruct cultural norms,and strive to promote the feminist movement to international unity.