200例儿童急性中毒临床分析

Clinical analysis of 200 cases of acute poisoning in children

目的分析儿童急性中毒的病因及临床特点。方法回顾性分析2016年1月~2018年1月我院收治的200例急性中毒患儿的临床资料。结果 200例急性中毒患儿中,男115例,女85例。年龄分布:以1~3岁最多见,占比为45.50%;7~14岁年龄段最低,占比为12.00%。中毒原因:以误服误食药物最高,占比为34.00%;其次为一氧化碳吸入,占比为20.00%;毒蕈类中毒占比为3.00%;吸入毒品烟雾占比为2.50%。中毒发生率以农村最高为77.50%,城镇为22.50%。中毒高发时间为7~9月份,占38.50%;1~3月份最低,占13.50%。中毒途径主要为消化道,占74.00%;其次为呼吸道,占22.50%;经皮肤接触中毒占3.50%。结论儿童急性中毒以1~3岁幼儿多见,中毒途径多为消化道中毒,农村发生率最高,夏季为急性中毒的高发季节。加强监管和安全意识教育,以避免儿童中毒的发生。

Objective To analyze the etiology and clinical characteristics of acute poisoning in children. Methods Clinical data of 200 cases of acute poisoning children admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed,as well as their etiology. Results Among the 200 children,115 were male while 85 were female.Age distribution:the most common age was 1~3 years old,accounting for 45.50%.The age group of 7~14 years old was the lowest,accounting for 12.00%.The causes of poisoning were the highest in misuse medicines,accounting for 34.00%.Carbon monoxide inhalation was the second,accounting for 20.00%.The proportion of toadstool poisoning was 3.00%.Drug smoke inhalation accounted for 2.50%.The highest poisoning rate was 77.50% in rural areas and 22.50% in urban areas.The high incidence of poisoning was 38.50% in July to September,and 13.50% in January to March.The poisoning route was 74.00% through digestive tract,22.50% by respiratory tract absorption and 3.50% by skin contact. Conclusion Acute poisoning in children is common in children aged 1 to 3 years old,and the poisoning route is digestive tractStrengthen supervision and safety awareness education may be to reduce the incidence of acute poisoning in children.