基质微环境力学与细胞生物学行为

Matrix Microenvironment Mechanics and Cell Biological Behavior

细胞作为有机体的最小组成单元,广泛参与着一系列的生命活动。细胞甚至单分子层面上的生物化学反应一直是探究机体生理活性的重点。近些年来,越来越多的研究指出,力学微环境广泛地影响着细胞的生物学活性,如细胞内蛋白质的分布和动态变化、信号转导等,同时细胞对外界产生的力学效应在组织的重构中起着重要的作用。理解力学微环境与细胞生物学效应的关系为研究生理病理条件下细胞的变化提供了新的视角,同时为开发支架等仿生材料提供了新的思路。本文总结了基质的硬度、配体浓度如何影响细胞黏附、迁移和分化,可为未来生物力学的研究提供基础和依据。

As the smallest unit of living organisms, cells participate in a wide variety of biological activities.The biochemical reactions on the level of cells or even single molecules have been the focus of revealing the physiological activities of living organisms for quite a long time. In recent years, many studies have been carried out to illustrate the influences of matrix properties on cellular bioactivities. Cells are prone to be af-fected by mechanical microenvironment in many aspects, such as their viscoelasticity, the distribution and dynamics of proteins, the interaction among proteins, signaling pathways, et al. Meanwhile, cells can also respond to the environment and actively exert forces, resulting in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix,the process of which is called"mechanobiology". As a consequence, it is significant to understand cell-matrix interactions in depth because it provides a new viewpoint to study the dynamics of physiological and pathological conditions as well as to design and develop advanced bionic scaffolds. Researches on the interactions between cells and matrix were summarized, and how matrix properties(e.g. rigidity and ligand density) influence cell behaviors(adhesion, migration and differentiation) was also discussed. These studies would provide the basics for future mechanobiological development.