差序格局视角下的高校学术评价困境及其变革

The Dilemma and Reform of University Academic Evaluation from the Perspective of Differential Pattern

基于差序格局理论,高校学术评价活动中评价者、组织者、被评价者三者关系,不外乎亲属关系、熟人关系、生人关系和陌生人关系。在利益“双赢”的驱使下,本应发挥主导作用的生人关系、陌生人关系,正日渐被由社会关系网络所结成的熟人关系、亲属关系所侵蚀。现有的高校学术评价制度在设计上多以如何避免亲属关系中需求法则效应的发挥为出发点,而在一定程度上忽略了人情法则对学术评价公平公正性的极大破坏性。以追求公平法则效应的有效发挥为基点,应把学术评价道德纳入学者学术道德的范畴,应优化现有的学术评价责任分担机制,应进一步完善学术评价的诚信制度、回避制度和盲审制度。

Based on the theory of differential order pattern, the relationship between evaluators, organizers and the evaluated in academic evaluation activities is nothing more than kinship, acquaintances, associates and strangers. Driven by the "win-win" interests, the relationship between strangers, which should have played a leading role, is increasingly being eroded by acquaintance and kinship relationships formed by social networks. The existing academic evaluation system is based on how to avoid the effect of the demand law in the kinship relationship, and to some extent ignores the great destructiveness of the human law to the fairness and impartiality of academic evaluation. Based on the effective play of fairness law, academic evaluation ethics should be included in the academic ethics of scholars. The existing academic evaluation responsibility sharing mechanism should be optimized. The credit system, avoidance system and blind review system of academic evaluation should be further improved.