孤独症谱系障碍者视觉定向与视觉搜索的特点及神经机制

The characteristics and neural mechanisms of visual orienting and visual search in autism spectrum disorders

定向网络是注意网络的重要组成部分,主要包括视觉定向与视觉搜索两大任务。对于这两大注意任务,正常个体在神经机制上存在较大的重叠,然而,孤独症个体却表现出截然相反的行为证据。研究者从非社会信息的注意视角发现,一般而言,在视觉定向上,孤独症个体注意转移不存在缺陷,而注意脱离存在困难,但该结论仍有争议;在视觉搜索上,孤独症个体存在视觉搜索优势,但该优势发生的阶段及原因仍需进一步探究。未来研究应进一步考察孤独症个体在视觉定向任务中左右视野的不对称性、视觉搜索优势的内在机制及两大注意任务之间的相互关系。

Orienting network is an important part of attention system and it includes two major tasks:visual orienting and visual search.For these two tasks,typically developed group shows similar neural mechanisms.However,from a perspective of attention to non-social information,different behavioral patterns were observed between visual orienting and visual search in autism spectrum disorder(ASD)group.Regarding visual orienting,the consensus is that ASD individuals are intact in attentional shift but have difficulty in attentional disengagement;however,this conclusion is still controversial.Regarding visual search,ASD individuals have superior search ability,but its time sequence and reasons deserves further exploration.Future studies should identify the hemispherical symmetry of ASD individuals in visual orienting task,the underlying mechanisms of visual search advantage,and the relationships between visual orienting and visual search in ASD populations.