镍的中国淡水水生生物水质基准及水体硬度的影响研究

The water quality criteria of nickel and the influence affected by water hardness to protect freshwater aquatic organisms in China

水质基准是制定水质标准、评价水生态风险和进行水质管理的科学依据与理论基础。重金属镍是具有致癌毒性的环境污染物,对水生生物和人体健康的影响极大,但目前国内对于镍的水生生物水质基准研究却较为缺乏。文章收集并筛选了中国淡水水生生物物种的镍的毒性数据,建立了急慢性毒性数据库,采用物种敏感度分布法推导了我国镍的急性淡水水生生物水质基准为180.29μg/L,慢性淡水水生生物水质基准为3.08μg/L。另外,文章探究了不同硬度条件对镍淡水水生生物慢性毒性浓度的影响,结果发现镍的水生生物毒性与硬度相关关系的斜率为0.96,慢性毒性随硬度增加而减小。研究成果将为我国镍的水生生物水质基准制定提供参考,为镍的生态风险评估提供数据支持,为我国水质基准体系的完善提供科学依据。

Water quality criteria(WQC)is the scientific and theoretical basis for formulating water quality standards,evaluating water ecological risk and conducting water quality management.Heavy metal nickle(Ni)is an environmental pollutant with carcinogenic toxicity,which has a great impact on aquatic life and human health.But at present,there is a lack of research on WQC of Ni to freshwater aquatic organisms in China.The present study collected and selected the toxicity data of Ni to freshwater aquatic organisms species in China,and then established the acute and chronic toxicity database of freshwater aquatic organisms for Ni in China.The species sensitivity distribution method was used to derive acute and chronic WQC of China.The results showed that acute WQC of Ni is 180.29μg/L,and Chronic WQC of Ni is 3.08μg/L.In addition,the toxicity of Ni to aquatic organisms is affected by many factors.The effect of different hardness conditions differed the chronic toxicity concentration of nickel to freshwater aquatic organisms has been investigated in the study.The hardness slope of nickel is 0.96,which suggested that the toxic potency of Ni decreased with the increase of hardness.This study provides references for the establishment of water quality standards to aquatic organisms for Ni in China.It also supports the ecological risk assessment of Ni.