战时西北工合与其化工技术革新

Northwest industrial cooperation and its chemical technology invention in wartime

西北工合与陕西省建设厅合办的工业试验所,发挥了科学技术中枢的作用,为工业试验、规模化生产、技术合作方式、技术改进等,作了具有重要技术价值和工业价值的检测、试验与技术革新,特别是其顺应时势的需要,以短平快、中小微的技术类型选择和工业生产方式,在短时间内形成了一个西北历史上从未有过的中小工业发展群体。尤其是发明天然靛与人造靛混合发酵法改进蓝靛染色法,发明亚铅石灰还原甕法试验改进羊毛精洗工艺,发明精炼剂改进原料浸煮、添加黏料制浆、提高造纸质量,开展无水酒精、豆油制造润滑油的试验以及油页岩干馏分析和人造石油的试验等科学技术活动,表明了西北工合战时科学技术活动在工业生产中的关键性作用,并实现了西北地区从农业、手工业到机器工业的局部转变,促进了西北地区的工业化与现代化,在提高科学技术是关键生产力的认识、发展农村经济和发展中小微工业方面,至今仍然具有重要的借鉴价值和现实意义。

The Industrial Test Institute jointly run by Northwest Industrial Cooperation and Shaanxi Provincial Construction Department has played a key role in science and technology.It has made a variety of measures,tests and inventions with important technical value and industrial value for industrial test,large-scale production,technical cooperation and technological improvement,especially for meeting the needs of the times.In a short period of time,a small and medium-sized industrial development group never existed in the history of Northwest China has been formed by choosing short,flat,small and medium-sized technological types and industrial production modes.Among them,especially in the invention of mixed fermentation of natural indigo and artificial indigo to improve blue indigo dyeing method,the invention of lead-lime reduction urn method to improve wool scouring process,the invention of refining agent to improve raw material soaking,adding adhesives to pulp,improve paper quality,carry out experiments of oxalic acid,anhydrous alcohol,soybean oil to produce lubricating oil and oil.Scientific and technological activities,such as shale retorting analysis and artificial petroleum test,have highlighted the key role of scientific and technological activities in industrial production during the Northwest Industrial Coopeative novement period,and have realized the partial transformation from agriculture,handicraft industry to machine industry in Northwest China,promoted the industrialization and modernization of Northwest society,and improved science and technology.Skills are the key to the understanding of productive forces,the development of rural economy and the development of small and medium-sized micro-industries.So far,they still have important reference value and practical significance.