日本、德国垃圾分类管理经验对我国的启示

Enlightenment of Waste Classification Management Experience in Japan and Germany to Waste Classification Work in China

中国已经成为了世界上垃圾制造量最大的国家,如何科学有效地进行垃圾分类处理工作成为了重要课题。日本政府通过加强垃圾的预处理、完善立法、加强国民教育等方式,从源头缓解了生活垃圾带来的负面环境问题;德国政府则通过制定垃圾收费处理制度,倡导企业从生产源头减少过度包装,提高了垃圾的回收利用率。相比之下,我国的垃圾处理工作还处于初级阶段,应积极借鉴发达国家的管理经验,从加强顶层设计、提升国民素质、完善处理设施等方面着手,构建一套适合我国国情的垃圾分类长效机制。

China has become the country that produces the largest amount of garbage in the world.How to scientifically and effectively classify and treat garbage has become an important topic.Internationally, Japanese government has eased the negative environmental problems brought about by domestic garbage from the source by strengthening the pretreatment of garbage, perfecting legislation and strengthening national education. The German government, on the other hand, has promoted enterprises to reduce over-packaging from the source of production by establishing a garbage collection and disposal system, thus improving the recycling rate of garbage. In contrast, China’s garbage disposal work is still in the primary stage. We should fully learn from the management experience of developed countries and set about building a set of long-term garbage classification mechanism suitable for China’s national conditions by strengthening top-level design, improving national quality and improving disposal facilities.