从模仿到创新：近代美国教育的发展与变革

From Imitation to Innovation: Development and Change of Modern American Education

各国教育事业常常是通过彼此接触、互相碰撞和吸收借鉴的途径发展起来的。美国作为当今世界教育的先进之邦和最大的文化教育输出国,其近代教育的崛起先后经历了对英国教育的移植与模仿、对法国启蒙教育理念的吸纳和对德国全面自觉的学习与创新三个阶段。美国从盲目的移植、照搬、模仿,到愈发自觉的学习、创新,最终实现对英、法、德教育的超越。来美移民富有面对社会巨变的气魄和才能,具有对教育的热忱与开拓进取精神,善于和勤于取法于别国成功经验与精华,政府对教育的重视与灵活变通以及注重教育研究,成为近代美国教育发展与变革的宝贵历史经验。

Educational undertakings in various countries are often developed by contacting, colliding with and drawing lessons from each other. As the advanced country of education and the largest exporter of culture and education in the world today, the rise of modern education in the United States has gone through three stages: transplantation and imitation of British education, absorption of French enlightenment education concept and comprehensive and conscious learning and innovation of Germany. From blindly transplanting, copying and imitating to more conscious learning and innovation, the United States finally surpasses the education of Britain, France and Germany. The enthusiasm and pioneering spirit of immigrants to the United States for education, good at and diligent in learning from the successful experience of other countries, the government’s emphasis on education and flexibility, as well as the emphasis on educational research, have become valuable historical experience in the development and reform of modern American education.