福州地区617例早产儿视网膜病变筛查结果与危险因素分析

Preliminary Results and risk factor analysis for retinopathy of prematurity screening among 617 children in Fuzhou

目的探讨福州地区发生早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)的发生率和高危因素。方法对2015年3月1日至2017年3月1日在福建省妇幼保健院门诊筛查的早产儿进行眼部检查,并分析发生ROP的相关因素。结果福建省妇幼保健院筛查617例早产儿中,有58例发生ROP,ROP发生率为9.4%。出现阈值病变或阈值前1型病变需进行治疗者23例,占3.73%。ROP组与正常眼底组早产儿在胎龄、出生体重、吸氧时间>7 d、吸氧浓度>40%、呼吸暂停、孕期激素使用、颅内出血、贫血、输血、机械通气等危险因素,统计学有显著差异(P<0.05)。其中孕周小于27周早产儿全部出现早产儿视网膜病变。结论低出生体重、孕周小、长时间吸氧等因素与ROP的发生有关,孕周小于27周的早产儿,要特别注意ROP的发生与发展。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP) in Fuzhou.Methods Clinical data of 617 premature infants who received fundus examination at ophthalmic clinic and neonatology department in our hospital from March 1 st, 2015 to March 1 st, 2017 were collected. The related factors for ROP were analyzed. Results The overall prevalence of ROP was 9.4%(58 of 617). Twenty-three children(3.73%) had threshold ROP or type 1 prethreshold ROP. Several factors were found to be significantly different between the ROP group and the normal group(P<0.05), including gestational age, birth weight, duration of oxygen therapy > 7 d, concentration of oxygen inhalation > 40%, apnea, hormone treatment during pregnancy, intracranial hemorrhage, anemia, blood transfusion and mechanical ventilation. ROP occurred in all premature infants born before 27 weeks.Conclusions Low birth weight, small gestational age and longtime oxygen usage are related to the development of ROP. Special attention should be paid for the development of ROP to premature infants with gestational age less than 27 weeks.