孤独症谱系障碍相关危险因素的分析

Analysis of risk factors related to autism spectrum disorders

目的探讨分析孤独症谱系障碍相关危险因素。方法选取我院2017年1月~2018年12月收治的300例孤独症谱系障碍患者作为研究组,选择同期我院所辖幼儿园儿童及来我院体检的正常儿童173例作为对照组,分析可能引起孤独症谱系障碍危险因素。结果通过分析结果显示,养育环境、母亲性格、家族史、看护人、教养方式等家庭因素,情绪抑郁、孕期服药史、孕期接触不良因素、电脑前工作等母亲孕妇相关因素及早产低出生体重、新生儿缺血缺氧性脑病、脑炎、全面发育落后、婴幼儿睡眠障碍等新生儿出生因素等,均在孤独症谱系障碍发病中存在相关性。结论孤独症谱系障碍发病危险因素与环境因素、遗传因素、母亲孕期表现及新生儿脑损伤高危疾病等因素有关,因此必须合理控制上述危险因素,这样才能够有效降低孤独症谱系障碍疾病发病率。

Objective To investigate the risk factors related to autism spectrum disorders. Methods Three hundred patients with autism spectrum disorders admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to December 2018 were selected as the study group. 173 cases of kindergarten children under the jurisdiction of our hospital and healthy children who came to our hospital for physical examination were selected as the control group. Risk factors that may cause autism spectrum disorders were analyzed. Results The results of the analysis showed that family factors(such as parenting environment, maternal personality, family history, caregivers and parenting styles), maternal pregnancy related factors(such as emotional depression, history of medication during pregnancy, adverse exposure during pregnancy and pre-computer work) and neonatal birth factors(such as preterm low birth weight, neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, encephalitis, general developmental backwardness and infant sleep disorders) were all related to the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorders. Conclusion The risk factors for autism spectrum disorders are related to environmental factors, genetic factors, maternal pregnancy performance and neonatal brain injury high-risk diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to properly control the above risk factors, so as to effectively reduce the incidence of autism spectrum disorders.