高功率微波弹对GNSS接收机毁伤效果分析

Analysis of damage effect of high-power microwave bomb on GNSS receiver

针对高功率微波(high-power microwave,HPM)武器易对全球卫星导航系统(global navigation satellite system,GNSS)接收机造成毁伤的问题,以高功率微波弹为对象,分析了不同弹体起爆姿态下的攻击范围与效果。在电磁仿真软件CST-MWS(CST microwave studio)中建立GNSS接收机辐照模型,设计了圆极化贴片天线为接收载体,以单脉冲正弦信号调制的平面波模拟高功率微波弹起爆后的辐射场效应。在电磁能量前门耦合的基础上,基于场—路联合仿真方法给出了一种仿真模型,将天线端口感应电压注入电路仿真软件ADS中设计的PIN限幅器,完整模拟了HPM由场到路的耦合过程。仿真给出了以微波源峰值功率为变量的敏感器件毁伤评价曲线,结果表明,GNSS接收机射频前端电路中的低噪声放大器是HPM武器的主要攻击对象,以ERA-2+型低噪放为例,脉冲峰值功率在27~310 kV的微波源均可造成其晶体管烧毁。同时,HPM也容易引发限幅器在一定功率范围内产生尖峰泄漏现象,其尖峰泄露对电路可能产生的损伤值得重视。研究结论可为下一步开展卫星导航接收机针对性电磁防护设计提供依据与技术指标。

In terms of the problem that the global navigation satellite system(GNSS)receiver is vulnerable to high-power microwave(HPM)weapons,this paper analyzes the attack range and effect of different missiles’detonation with HPM bombs as the object.The author establishes a GNSS receiver irradiation model in CST-MWS,designs the circularly polarized patch antenna as the receiving carrier,and simulates the radiation field effect after the detonation of HPM bomb with the plane wavemodulated by single pulse sinusoidal signals.Based on the coupling of electromagnetic energy front door,a field channel joint simulation method is proposed,introducing the antenna port induced voltage into the PIN diode limiter built in ADS software,which fully simulates the coupling process of the HPM from electromagnetic field to circuit.The simulation results contribute to the damage evaluation curve of the sensitive device with the peak power of the microwave source as the variable,which shows that the low noise amplifier in the radio frequency front end circuit of the GNSS receiver is the main attack object of the HPM weapon.Take the low noise of ERA-2+type as an example,a microwave source with a peak pulse power of 27-310 kV can cause its transistor to burn out.Meanwhile,HPM can easily trigger a spike leak in the limiter in a certain power range,and the damage caused by the spike leakage on the circuit is worthy of attention.The conclusions of the simulation can provide the basis and technical indicators for the next design of targeted electromagnetic protection for satellite navigation receivers.