新中国成立以来国家海洋战略的发展脉络与理论演变初探

Development and Theoretical Evolution of National Maritime Strategies since the Founding of PRC

建设海洋强国是中华民族伟大复兴征程中的历史选择和必由之路,也是中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分。历代中央领导集体不断开拓创新,制定完善海洋政策和战略,形成了具有鲜明时代特征的思想体系。从毛泽东时期的向海图存防御性海洋战略到邓小平改革开放时代的开放性经略海洋思想,从江泽民时期"实施海洋开发"战略主张到胡锦涛时代发展建设"和谐海洋"的延伸,习近平新时代迎来了前所未有的海洋发展机遇期。习近平总书记提出了"坚持陆海统筹、加快建设海洋强国"的战略部署,形成了独具特色的习近平海洋强国战略思想理论体系。梳理新中国成立70年来海洋战略的发展历程,旨在厘清和明确我国迈向海洋强国发展进程中的顶层设计、政策发展嬗变的轨迹、核心理论与重要观点、实践经验与历史教训,更好地推动中华民族伟大复兴中国梦的实现,助力人类命运共同体的建设。

Building China into a strong maritime country is the historical adoption and inevitable choice in the historic journey of the great renewal of the Chinese nation,which makes a fundamental component of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Having constantly innovated,developed,formulated and improved maritime policies and strategies,the generations of the leader group of central government consequently formed an ideological system with distinct characteristics of the times.From Chairman Mao’s defensive maritime strategy of"striving for survival"to Deng Xiaoping’s opening thoughts of maritime planning in the era of reform and opening-up,and from Jiang Zemin’s implementation of maritime development strategy to Hu Jintao’s harmonious maritime development and construction,the Xi Jinping administration has stepped into an unprecedented period of strategic opportunity for maritime development.The strategic arrangement of pursuing coordinated land and marine development,and stepoing up efforts to build China into a strong maritime country,as made by Xi Jinping,marks the implementation of Xi’s unique theoretical system of strategic thoughts on building a strong maritime country.With the aim to realize the Chinese Dream of national rejuvenation and build a community with a shared future for mankind,the paper reviews the development of national maritime strategies in the past seven decades,clarifying the development,evolution,core theories,key viewpoints,practical experience and historical lessons of the top-level design and policies in the process of building China into a strong maritime country.